clin path 2: urine sediment Flashcards
squamous cells
dustal urethra, vaginal tract, skin
transitional cells
renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, proximal urethra
caudate cells
renal pelcis
renal cells
renal tubules
usually you see squamous cells in free catches? why else might you worry
sertoli cell carcinoma
you see transitional cells in clusters
- Seen with hyperplasia associated with inflammation
* Seen in transitional cell tumors (benign and malignant)
caudate cells are cone shaped and seen in ___
pyelonephritis
renal cells are seen in r
renal tubular injury: infectious toxic, and ischemic injury
when might you see blood in the urine sediment?
hemorrhage and inflammation
when might you see WBC in urine sediment?
inflammation
if you find free fat droplets in urine
renal tubular injury
struvite
Cacium oxalate monohydrate
bilirubin
ammonium biurate
Calcium carbonate
cysteine
amorphous
drug- associated
calcium oxalate duhydrate
other lol
struvites are more common to form in
neutral to alkaline pH
can be found in normal patients and those with urease positive bacteria
bilirubin looks like a tuft of orange and in bundles, what is the significance
- Dogs: ↓ number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL
- Abnormal in all other species: ICTERUS
- r/opre-hepatic-hemolysis (EVH)
- r/ohepatic/ post-hepatic-hepatobiliary disease
crystalluria/ Ca carbonate will look like what? and are significant in?
‒Large spheres with radial striations ‒Variably sized ‒Colorless to yellow-brown •NORMALin horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats •No reports in canine or feline urine.
what does Ca oxalate dihydrate look like? sig?
Typical appearance:“envelope”
‒Colorless squares connected by intersecting lines
‒Vary in size
•NORMALin domestic animals
•Storage artifact
•Pathologic:
•Miniature Schnauzers are predisposed to calcium oxalate urolithiasis
•Increased calcium excretion due to hypercalcemia (e.g. hyperparathyroidism)
•Acute renal fialure
what does calcium oxalate monohydrate look like and why is it significant?
‒Spindle, oval (“hemp seed”) or dumbbell shaped
‒Vary in size: usually small and colorless
•Can be seen in healthy animals (esphorses)
‒Small, oval (“hemp seed”) or dumbbell-shaped
•Can be seen in animals with:
‒Oxalate urolithiasis
‒Hypercalciuric or hyperoxaluric disorders
‒ETHYLENEGLYCOLTOXICOSIS(RARE)
ammonium biurate looks and sig?
brown yellow thorn apples seen most ofen in acidic urine
normal in dalmations and english bulldogs
otherwise suggests liver disease (dec BUN and up NH3) (liver failure and shunts)
cystine looks? sig
flat, colorless, hexagonal plates in layers in acidic urine
inherited dieases: Cystinuria
‒Defective renal tubular resorption of certain amino acids (including cystine)
‒Occurs almost exclusively in male dogs (sex-linked inheritance is suspected)
‒Many breeds affected
‒Renal function is otherwise normal
what drugs ca form crystals?
‒Antibiotics: Sulfa family drugs, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, etc
‒Anticonvulsants: especially polytherapy and in alkaline urine
‒Allupurinoladministration
‒Radiographic contrast media
cylinduria or casts are structures of mucoprotein and cells. what are the types
‒Hyaline casts ‒Cellular casts ‒Granular casts ‒Fatty casts ‒Waxy casts
where do casts come from
loop of henle, distal tubules, and collecting ducts
hyaline casts are considered abnormal when above 2 LPF. what is the significance
Indicate proteinuria of renal or extra-renal disease
e.g. glomerular disease / Bence-Jones proteinuria
epithelial and fatty casts are significant because
‒Activetubular degeneration or necrosis
‒Renal ischemia, or toxic nephrosis
‒NOT evidence of extent or reversibility of injury
significance of seeinf WBC casts? RBC cell casts?
tubular inflammation
tubular hemorrhage
waxy cats are rare and look broken. What are they ass with
chronic renal disease
