clin path 2: urine sediment Flashcards

1
Q

squamous cells

A

dustal urethra, vaginal tract, skin

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2
Q

transitional cells

A

renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, proximal urethra

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3
Q

caudate cells

A

renal pelcis

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4
Q

renal cells

A

renal tubules

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5
Q

usually you see squamous cells in free catches? why else might you worry

A

sertoli cell carcinoma

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6
Q

you see transitional cells in clusters

A
  • Seen with hyperplasia associated with inflammation

* Seen in transitional cell tumors (benign and malignant)

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7
Q

caudate cells are cone shaped and seen in ___

A

pyelonephritis

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8
Q

renal cells are seen in r

A

renal tubular injury: infectious toxic, and ischemic injury

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9
Q

when might you see blood in the urine sediment?

A

hemorrhage and inflammation

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10
Q

when might you see WBC in urine sediment?

A

inflammation

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11
Q

if you find free fat droplets in urine

A

renal tubular injury

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12
Q

struvite

A

Cacium oxalate monohydrate

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13
Q

bilirubin

A

ammonium biurate

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14
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

cysteine

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15
Q

amorphous

A

drug- associated

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16
Q

calcium oxalate duhydrate

17
Q

struvites are more common to form in

A

neutral to alkaline pH

can be found in normal patients and those with urease positive bacteria

18
Q

bilirubin looks like a tuft of orange and in bundles, what is the significance

A
  • Dogs: ↓ number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL
  • Abnormal in all other species: ICTERUS
  • r/opre-hepatic-hemolysis (EVH)
  • r/ohepatic/ post-hepatic-hepatobiliary disease
19
Q

crystalluria/ Ca carbonate will look like what? and are significant in?

A
‒Large spheres with radial striations
‒Variably sized
‒Colorless to yellow-brown
•NORMALin horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats
•No reports in canine or feline urine.
20
Q

what does Ca oxalate dihydrate look like? sig?

A

Typical appearance:“envelope”
‒Colorless squares connected by intersecting lines
‒Vary in size
•NORMALin domestic animals
•Storage artifact
•Pathologic:
•Miniature Schnauzers are predisposed to calcium oxalate urolithiasis
•Increased calcium excretion due to hypercalcemia (e.g. hyperparathyroidism)
•Acute renal fialure

21
Q

what does calcium oxalate monohydrate look like and why is it significant?

A

‒Spindle, oval (“hemp seed”) or dumbbell shaped
‒Vary in size: usually small and colorless
•Can be seen in healthy animals (esphorses)
‒Small, oval (“hemp seed”) or dumbbell-shaped
•Can be seen in animals with:
‒Oxalate urolithiasis
‒Hypercalciuric or hyperoxaluric disorders
‒ETHYLENEGLYCOLTOXICOSIS(RARE)

22
Q

ammonium biurate looks and sig?

A

brown yellow thorn apples seen most ofen in acidic urine

normal in dalmations and english bulldogs

otherwise suggests liver disease (dec BUN and up NH3) (liver failure and shunts)

23
Q

cystine looks? sig

A

flat, colorless, hexagonal plates in layers in acidic urine

inherited dieases: Cystinuria
‒Defective renal tubular resorption of certain amino acids (including cystine)
‒Occurs almost exclusively in male dogs (sex-linked inheritance is suspected)
‒Many breeds affected
‒Renal function is otherwise normal

24
Q

what drugs ca form crystals?

A

‒Antibiotics: Sulfa family drugs, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, etc
‒Anticonvulsants: especially polytherapy and in alkaline urine
‒Allupurinoladministration
‒Radiographic contrast media

25
cylinduria or casts are structures of mucoprotein and cells. what are the types
``` ‒Hyaline casts ‒Cellular casts ‒Granular casts ‒Fatty casts ‒Waxy casts ```
26
where do casts come from
loop of henle, distal tubules, and collecting ducts
27
hyaline casts are considered abnormal when above 2 LPF. what is the significance
Indicate proteinuria of renal or extra-renal disease | e.g. glomerular disease / Bence-Jones proteinuria
28
epithelial and fatty casts are significant because
‒Activetubular degeneration or necrosis ‒Renal ischemia, or toxic nephrosis ‒NOT evidence of extent or reversibility of injury
29
significance of seeinf WBC casts? RBC cell casts?
tubular inflammation tubular hemorrhage
30
waxy cats are rare and look broken. What are they ass with
chronic renal disease