clin path 2: urine sediment

Question 1

squamous cells

Answer 1

dustal urethra, vaginal tract, skin

Question 2

transitional cells

Answer 2

renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, proximal urethra

Question 3

caudate cells

Answer 3

renal pelcis

Question 4

renal cells

Answer 4

renal tubules

Question 5

usually you see squamous cells in free catches? why else might you worry

Answer 5

sertoli cell carcinoma

Question 6

you see transitional cells in clusters

Answer 6

• Seen with hyperplasia associated with inflammation

* Seen in transitional cell tumors (benign and malignant)

Question 7

caudate cells are cone shaped and seen in ___

Answer 7

pyelonephritis

Question 8

renal cells are seen in r

Answer 8

renal tubular injury: infectious toxic, and ischemic injury

Question 9

when might you see blood in the urine sediment?

Answer 9

hemorrhage and inflammation

Question 10

when might you see WBC in urine sediment?

Answer 10

inflammation

Question 11

if you find free fat droplets in urine

Answer 11

renal tubular injury

Question 12

struvite

Answer 12

Cacium oxalate monohydrate

Question 13

bilirubin

Answer 13

ammonium biurate

Question 14

Calcium carbonate

Answer 14

cysteine

Question 15

amorphous

Answer 15

drug- associated

Question 16

calcium oxalate duhydrate

Answer 16

other lol

Question 17

struvites are more common to form in

Answer 17

neutral to alkaline pH

can be found in normal patients and those with urease positive bacteria

Question 18

bilirubin looks like a tuft of orange and in bundles, what is the significance

Answer 18

• Dogs: ↓ number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL
• Abnormal in all other species: ICTERUS
• r/opre-hepatic-hemolysis (EVH)
• r/ohepatic/ post-hepatic-hepatobiliary disease

Question 19

crystalluria/ Ca carbonate will look like what? and are significant in?

Answer 19

‒Large spheres with radial striations
‒Variably sized
‒Colorless to yellow-brown
•NORMALin horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats
•No reports in canine or feline urine.

Question 20

what does Ca oxalate dihydrate look like? sig?

Answer 20

Typical appearance:“envelope”
‒Colorless squares connected by intersecting lines
‒Vary in size
•NORMALin domestic animals
•Storage artifact
•Pathologic:
•Miniature Schnauzers are predisposed to calcium oxalate urolithiasis
•Increased calcium excretion due to hypercalcemia (e.g. hyperparathyroidism)
•Acute renal fialure

Question 21

what does calcium oxalate monohydrate look like and why is it significant?

Answer 21

‒Spindle, oval (“hemp seed”) or dumbbell shaped
‒Vary in size: usually small and colorless
•Can be seen in healthy animals (esphorses)
‒Small, oval (“hemp seed”) or dumbbell-shaped
•Can be seen in animals with:
‒Oxalate urolithiasis
‒Hypercalciuric or hyperoxaluric disorders
‒ETHYLENEGLYCOLTOXICOSIS(RARE)

Question 22

ammonium biurate looks and sig?

Answer 22

brown yellow thorn apples seen most ofen in acidic urine

normal in dalmations and english bulldogs

otherwise suggests liver disease (dec BUN and up NH3) (liver failure and shunts)

Question 23

cystine looks? sig

Answer 23

flat, colorless, hexagonal plates in layers in acidic urine

inherited dieases: Cystinuria
‒Defective renal tubular resorption of certain amino acids (including cystine)
‒Occurs almost exclusively in male dogs (sex-linked inheritance is suspected)
‒Many breeds affected
‒Renal function is otherwise normal

Question 24

what drugs ca form crystals?

Answer 24

‒Antibiotics: Sulfa family drugs, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, etc
‒Anticonvulsants: especially polytherapy and in alkaline urine
‒Allupurinoladministration
‒Radiographic contrast media

Question 25

cylinduria or casts are structures of mucoprotein and cells. what are the types

Answer 25

‒Hyaline casts
‒Cellular casts
‒Granular casts
‒Fatty casts
‒Waxy casts

Question 26

where do casts come from

Answer 26

loop of henle, distal tubules, and collecting ducts

Question 27

hyaline casts are considered abnormal when above 2 LPF. what is the significance

Answer 27

Indicate proteinuria of renal or extra-renal disease

e.g. glomerular disease / Bence-Jones proteinuria

Question 28

epithelial and fatty casts are significant because

Answer 28

‒Activetubular degeneration or necrosis
‒Renal ischemia, or toxic nephrosis
‒NOT evidence of extent or reversibility of injury

Question 29

significance of seeinf WBC casts? RBC cell casts?

Answer 29

tubular inflammation

tubular hemorrhage

Question 30

waxy cats are rare and look broken. What are they ass with

Answer 30

chronic renal disease