Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SBL Final > Clinical Strategies for Cancer Treatment and Prevention (Part 2 of 2) > Flashcards

Clinical Strategies for Cancer Treatment and Prevention (Part 2 of 2) Flashcards

1
Q

When determining an effective screening test, what 5 pillars should you consider?

A
  1. east to administer 2. economic 3. actionable 4. sensitive 5. Widely available
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What USPSTF grade is especially important to have the patient-centered conversation and informed decision making?

A

grade C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a huge problem with ovarian cancer?

A

~20% of ovarian cancer is diagnosed at an early stage (so it is caught late 80% of the time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What screening do we have for ovarian cancer? (4)

A

physical exam, CA-125, Transvaginal ultrasound, and multimodal (CA-125 and TVUS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

discuss the physical exam as used for a screening technique for ovarian cancer?

A

there is no data to suggest pelvic exams are useful in screening for ovarian cancer in average risk women; large ovarian masses are easiest to detect with pelvic exam, which typically indicates advanced disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

discuss the use of CA-125 as a screening technique for ovarian cancer?

A

it is not specific for malignant ovarian tumors; by the time CA-125 is positive, many tumors are beyond cure; there is no improvement in mortality when using this as a technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

discuss the use of TVUS as a screening technique for ovarian cancer?

A

there was no improvement in mortality during screening and 6 years after; it is observer dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

discuss the use of multimodal (CA-125 and TVUS) as a screening technique for ovarian cancer?

A

no improvement in mortality; there was a 9.6% false positivity rate–> lead to unneeded surgical intervention and harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

overall what is the grade for ovarian cancer screening?

A

grade D; however, there is a gray area for high risk women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

who is considered a high risk woman for ovarian cancer?

A

if there is a family history of ovarian cancer or hereditary cancer syndromes (BRCA or Lynch syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the leading cause of cancer among men in the united states?

A

prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what screening tools do we have for prostate cancer?

A

prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam (DRE) FORGET ABOUT DRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

discuss using PSA as a screening tool for prostate cancer?

A

there is a high false positivity rate; serum testing increases in many benign and inflammatory conditions; 2/3 men who underwent biopsy for elevated PSA did not have prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the grade for PSA for men 55-69 years of age?

A

grade c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the grade for PSA for men 70 years or older?

A

grade D: service has no benefit and/or harms may outweigh any potential benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what screening tools do we have for cervical cancer?

A

Pap smear, HPV testing, and co-testing (PAP and HPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when should you start pap smears?

A

start at age 21 and repeat every 3 years

18
Q

when should you stop pap smears?

A

at age 65

19
Q

for the age group 30-64, when should you get a pap smear?

A

pap alone: every 3 years; pap and HPV testing: every 5 years

20
Q

cervical cancer screening is especially effective because why?

A

since pap smears are excellent at identifying pre-cancerous lesions, which can be locally excised or cryoablated–> BEFORE INVASIVE CANCER EVEN ARISES

21
Q

what is the grade for pap smears for 21-29 year olds?

A

grade A

22
Q

what is the grade for pap smears for those younger than 21?

A

grade D

23
Q

how do you screen for endometrial cancer?

A

counseling of women at menopause to report any vaginal bleeding

24
Q

what is the most common type of non-skin cancer?

A

breast cancer

25
Q

what is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death for women, behind lung cancer?

A

breast cancer

26
Q

what screening tools do we have for breast cancer?

A

clinical breast exams, self-breast exams, mammography

27
Q

How should you educate your patient on how to perform a self breast exam?

A

check the axilla, look for skin changes, avoid checking prior to or during menstrual cycles

28
Q

what makes for complex testing guidelines for the BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genetic testing?

A

if there is a family history of breast/ovarian cancer (multiple relatives, relatives diagnosed at young age, and male relatives) or if there is a personal diagnosis before age 45

29
Q

if you test positive for the BRCA gene, what can you do?

A

prophylactic surgery, chemoprevention medication (hormone therapy), increased screening and self exam

30
Q

mammography is the gold standard for breast cancer screening however guidelines are changing. Discuss this.

A

informed decision making on when to start mammography: 40-49 (grade c) 50-75 (grade b)

31
Q

what is the third leading cause of death for men and women in the US?

A

colon cancer

32
Q

when is colon cancer most commonly diagnosed?

A

between the age of 65-74

33
Q

what screening tools do we have for colon cancer?

A

high-sensitivity guaiac-based fecal occult blood test, fecal immunochemical test, fecal DNA test, CT colonography, and colonoscopy

34
Q

how often do you have to get a high-sensitivity guaiac-based fecal occult blood test?

A

annually

35
Q

what are the screening recommendations for colon cancer (regarding ages)?

A

45-49 (grade b) 50-75 (grade a)

36
Q

what is key to choosing the correct modality and timing for colon cancer screening?

A

informed decision making is key to choosing the correct time and screening modality for the patient

37
Q

what is the leading cause of non-skin cancer in the united states?

A

lung cancer

38
Q

what is the best prevention for lung cancer?

A

smoking cessation

39
Q

how do you screen for lung cancer?

A

low-dose CT annually for ages 50-80 with a 20-pack-year history of smoking or those actively smoking or those who only quit smoking in the past 15 years

40
Q

what is the screening for lung cancer graded?

A

grade B

SBL Final (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions