clinical states

Question 1

Name 6 drugs associated with teratogenic effects if taken when pregnant:

Answer 1

lithium
phenytoin
sodium valproate
warfarin
carbimazole
gentamicin

Question 2

What teratogenic effect can be caused by lithium therapy during pregnancy?

Answer 2

cardiac abnormalities

Question 3

What teratogenic effect can be caused by valproate therapy during pregnancy?

Answer 3

neural tube defects

Question 4

What teratogenic effect can be caused by phenytoin therapy during pregnancy?

Answer 4

cleft lip / palate

Question 5

What teratogenic effect can be caused by warfarin therapy during pregnancy?

Answer 5

achrondroplasia,
craniofacial abnormalities

Question 6

Name 2 drugs contraindicated during breast feeding.

Answer 6

Amiodarone
(thyroid abnorms)

Chloramphenicol
(blood dyscrasia)

Question 7

What effect can be caused by gold therapy taken whilst breast feeding?

Answer 7

haematological reactions,
renal impariment

Question 8

What effect can be caused by lithium therapy taken whilst breast feeding?

Answer 8

movement disorder

Question 9

What effect can be caused by oestrogen therapy taken whilst breast feeding?

Answer 9

virilisation of male infant

Question 10

What effect can be caused by aspirin therapy taken whilst breast feeding?

Answer 10

reyes syndrome (encephalopathy and liver damage)

Question 11

How does Reyes syndrome present?

Answer 11

lethargy.
sudden / prolonged vomiting.
combative behavior.
tachypnenea.
tachycardia.

Question 12

Antibiotic drugs considered safe during breastfeeding

Answer 12

penicillin
cephalosporins

Question 13

Antiepileptic drugs considered safe during breastfeeding

Answer 13

carbemazepine
sodium valproate

Question 14

Antihypertensive drugs considered safe during breastfeeding

Answer 14

B Blockers

Question 15

Psych drugs considered safe during breastfeeding

Answer 15

TCAs
Chlorpromazine

Question 16

Anticoagulant drugs considered safe during breastfeeding

Answer 16

Heparin
Warfarin

Question 17

How does obstructive jaundice affect Rifampicin?

Answer 17

drugs usually excreted by bile may accumulate in obstructive jaundice.

Question 18

How does cirrhosis affect protein bound drugs like Phenytoin?

Answer 18

protein bound drugs will suffer due to low availability of binding sites secondary to low albumin in cirrhosis

Question 19

why is liver failure a problem for patients taking warfarin?

Answer 19

reduced clotting factors -> prolonged bleed times

Question 20

what are ascites?
what are they a product of?

Answer 20

serous peritoneal fluid buildup
- maker of decompensated liver cirrhosis

a product of portal hypertension and low albumin

Question 21

name 4 drugs likely to accumulate due to severe renal failure

Answer 21

digoxin
erythromycin
lithium
penicillin / cephalosporins

Question 22

Accumulation of digoxin leads to..

Answer 22

cardiac arrhythmias, heart block

Question 23

Accumulation of lithium leads to..

Answer 23

cardiac arrhythmias, seizures

Question 24

Accumulation of erythromycin leads to..

Answer 24

encephalopathy

Question 25

Name 4 nephrotoxic drugs

Answer 25

aminoglycosides (~mycin)
amphotericin
NSAIDS
vancomycin
gold
penicillamine

Question 26

name 4 aminoglycosides

Answer 26

gentamicin,
tobramycin,
neomycin,
streptomycin

Question 27

which nephrotixic effect does Gold have ?

Answer 27

proteinuria
glomerulonephritis

Question 28

what is the effect of aminoglycosides given to a patient with chronic renal failure?

Answer 28

ATN / AKI