Clinical Signs Flashcards
Dactylitis
Sausage Finger
Seen in spondyloarthropathies, gout or infection
Palmar erythema
RA, alcohol, chronic liver disease, hyperthyroidism, OCP
Cutaneous Vasculitis
Usually painful
Seen in poorly managed RA,other causes of vasculitis and septic emboli
Psoriatic nails
Pitting/onycholysis/hyperkeratosis (thickening)
Rheumatoid Nodules
Often found on the extensor aspect of the forearm/hands/olecranon.Also can occur at sitesof injury/in the sclera of the eye or in the lungs
Tend to occur in RF +ve pts
Rheumatoid changes in Hand
Sublaxation of MCP-J Swan-neck deformity Boutoniere Deformity Z-shaped deformity of the thumb Ulnar deviation fingers
N.B. Psoriatic arthritis can look identical
OA changes in Hand
Heberdens nodes (osteophytes at DIP joints) Bouchards nodes (PIP joints) Squaring of thumb bases
Lhermittes sign
Tingling in her hands which comes on when she flexes her neck - electric shocks
Indicates disease near the dorsal column
MS,cervical stenosis
Uhthoff’s phenomenon:
worsening of vision following rise in body temperature
Kernigs sign
knee and hip flexed when lying down
pain in neck when extend knee
Hoffman’s sign
elicited by flicking the distal phalaynx of the middle finger to cause momentary flexion. A positive result is exaggerated flexion of the terminal phalanyx of the thumb
cervical compression and MS
Straight leg raise
this is positively associated with radicular pathology such as disc herniation. The patient feels pain in the back when the leg is raised between 30-60 degrees.
Trousseau sign of malignancy
Migratory thrombophlebtitis
Pancreatic Ca
Recurrent thrombophlebitis which moves around the body
Trousseau sign of latent tetany
Hypocalcaemia
Fingers curl up when BP cuff inflated
Nikolsky’s sign
the epidermis separates with mild lateral pressure
seen in toxic epidermal necrosis
Pulsus Paradoxus
Drop of BP by more than 10mmHg with inspiration
Aathma, cardiac tamponade
Kussmaul’s sign
Rise in JVP on inspiration. Suggests right heart dysfunction
Wickman’s striae
whitish lines visible in the papules of lichen planus and other dermatoses, typically in the oral mucosa
Regimental badge numbness
Axillary nerve damage, common after shoulder dislocation
Thyroid eye disease
Lid retraction, proptosis and opthalmaplegia
Russels sign
Marks on hand from self-induced vomiting
Lisch Nodules
Neurofibramtosis 1 -
Brushfield spots
Downs syndrome
white/greyish spots in periphery of iris.
Kaysers Fleischer rings
Wilsons
Band keratopathy
Hypercalcaemia
Bands along cornea
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth all over body
Murmur continuous through systole and diastole in newborn
Ebsteins anomaly associated with lithium use in pregnancy Tricuspid regurgitation (pan-systolic murmur) and tricuspid stenosis (mid-diastolic murmur). There is also enlargement of the right atrium
Fouchers sign
Bakers cyst becomes tense on extending the leg
Argyll robertson pupil
Pupil constricts to accommodation but poor response to light
Diabetic retinopathy and neurosyphyillis
Horners syndrome
Defect in sympathetic Affected pupil is smaller - Delay in dilation in dark Mild upper lid ptosis Lower lid higher Decreased sweating
B Symptoms
unexplained weight loss >10% in 6 months
unexplained fever >38
night sweats - drenching and have to change
Clinicalsign of rasied ATCH
Hyperpigmentation
