Clinical Significance of Physiology Flashcards
What is a STEMI?
elevated ST segment, ST elevation myocardial infarction
What are characteristics of atrial fibrilation?
fibrillary wave
irregularly irregular rhythm
loss of p wave
What indicates ventricular hypertrophy?
Tall QRS complex on an ECG
When is there high levels of troponin and BNP in the blood?
during heart attacks/ heart failure
Troponin is present during heart attacks
BNP is present during heart failure at high levels
- it is normally secreted by myocytes in response to stretching by increased blood volume in ventricles
What is D-dimer?
a fibrin degradation product
Increased levels suggest a blood clot or blood clotting problems (thrombosis)
What does increased fibrinogen suggest?
thrombosis
What is suggestive a restrictive lung disease?
when FEV1 is low
What is an example of a restrictive lung disease?
asthma
What is FEV1?
Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1): the volume exhaled in the first second after deep inspiration and forced expiration
What is FVC?
Forced vital capacity (FVC): the total volume of air that the patient can forcibly exhale in one breath
What is the difference in FVC and FEV1 between obstructive, restrictive and normal?
How can you check for FVC, FEV1, asthma, breathing, etc.?
peak flow chart
What is allergy induced asthma called?
atopic asthma
What does an arterial blockage lead to?
myocardial infarction
How can you check for an arterial blockage?
angiogram
What does a crescendo-decrescendo heart sound suggest?
atrial stenosis
What is atrial stenosis?
when aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally
How can you check for atrial stenosis?
echocardiogram
valves have impaired movement
What can lead to atrial fibrilation?
mass in left atrium/ blood clot
How can you check for blood clots/ mass in atria?
TEE (transesophageal echocardiogram)
What can having a clot during atrial fibrillation cause to increase?
high fibrinogen and D-dimer
What disease can cause left ventricular hypertrophy?
aortic stenosis
What can increase during a STEMI?
high troponin and BNP
Can an aortic stenosis cause a normal cardiac output?
Yes
