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BRS Cardio & Respiratory > Clinical Significance of Physiology > Flashcards

Clinical Significance of Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a STEMI?

A

elevated ST segment, ST elevation myocardial infarction

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2
Q

What are characteristics of atrial fibrilation?

A

fibrillary wave
irregularly irregular rhythm
loss of p wave

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3
Q

What indicates ventricular hypertrophy?

A

Tall QRS complex on an ECG

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4
Q

When is there high levels of troponin and BNP in the blood?

A

during heart attacks/ heart failure

Troponin is present during heart attacks

BNP is present during heart failure at high levels
- it is normally secreted by myocytes in response to stretching by increased blood volume in ventricles

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5
Q

What is D-dimer?

A

a fibrin degradation product
Increased levels suggest a blood clot or blood clotting problems (thrombosis)

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6
Q

What does increased fibrinogen suggest?

A

thrombosis

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7
Q

What is suggestive a restrictive lung disease?

A

when FEV1 is low

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8
Q

What is an example of a restrictive lung disease?

A

asthma

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9
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1): the volume exhaled in the first second after deep inspiration and forced expiration

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10
Q

What is FVC?

A

Forced vital capacity (FVC): the total volume of air that the patient can forcibly exhale in one breath

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11
Q

What is the difference in FVC and FEV1 between obstructive, restrictive and normal?

A
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12
Q

How can you check for FVC, FEV1, asthma, breathing, etc.?

A

peak flow chart

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13
Q

What is allergy induced asthma called?

A

atopic asthma

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14
Q

What does an arterial blockage lead to?

A

myocardial infarction

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15
Q

How can you check for an arterial blockage?

A

angiogram

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16
Q

What does a crescendo-decrescendo heart sound suggest?

A

atrial stenosis

17
Q

What is atrial stenosis?

A

when aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally

18
Q

How can you check for atrial stenosis?

A

echocardiogram
valves have impaired movement

19
Q

What can lead to atrial fibrilation?

A

mass in left atrium/ blood clot

20
Q

How can you check for blood clots/ mass in atria?

A

TEE (transesophageal echocardiogram)

21
Q

What can having a clot during atrial fibrillation cause to increase?

A

high fibrinogen and D-dimer

22
Q

What disease can cause left ventricular hypertrophy?

A

aortic stenosis

23
Q

What can increase during a STEMI?

A

high troponin and BNP

24
Q

Can an aortic stenosis cause a normal cardiac output?

A

Yes

25
Q

What is an ABG?

A

arterial blood gas
measures O2, CO2 and ph of blood

26
Q

Is an ABG normal during asthma?

A

Yes, sometimes

27
Q

Does atrial fibrillation have a normal chest x-ray?

A

Yes

BRS Cardio & Respiratory (28 decks)

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