Clinical Relevant Anatomy of Spinal Nerves

Question 1

What are somatic general sensory symptoms?

Answer 1

• pain (neuralgia)
• pins & needles (paraesthesia)
• numbness (anaesthesia)
• sensitivity (hyperaesthesia)
• thermal (hot or cold)
• loss of co-ordination/balance/clumsiness (e.g. ataxia)

Question 2

What are somatic motor neural symptoms?

Answer 2

• muscle stiffness, tightness or spasm (cramp)
• muscle floppiness or looseness (reduce tone or hypotonia)
• muscular weakness (reduced power)
• loss of co-ordination/balance/clumsiness (e.g. ataxia)

Question 3

What is general somatic sensation?

Answer 3

• touch
• temperature
• proprioception
• vibration
• pain
• in body wall

Question 4

What is general somatic motor?

Answer 4

Supply skeletal muscles

In body wall

For locomotion

Question 5

What is sympathetic motor

Answer 5

Autonomic control

Smooth muscle

In vessel and hair follicles

Question 6

What are spinal reflexes?

Answer 6

Circuit of sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) nerve fibres

For protective function

Question 7

What does dermatomal testing allow you to check the integrity of?

Answer 7

Dorsal rootlets (sensory only)

Dorsal root (sensory only)

Spinal nerve (sensory and motor)

Question 8

Lower anterolateral trunk wall is supplied by which named nerves?

Answer 8

Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal nerves

Question 9

The upper anterolateral trunk wall is supplied by which named nerves?

Answer 9

Intercostal nerve

Question 10

What does the subcostal nerve supply?

Answer 10

T12 segment- anterior ramus of T12 spinal nerve

Question 11

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

Answer 11

L2, L3 & L4

Question 12

What are the spinal cord segments of the femoral nerve?

Answer 12

L2, L3 & L4

Question 13

What are the nerve roots of the axiliary nerve?

Answer 13

C5, 6

Question 14

What are the nerve roots of the cutaenous branch of the musculocutaenous nerve?

Answer 14

C5, C6 [C7]

Question 15

What supplies the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 15

Cutaeneous branch of the radial nerve

Question 16

What are the nerve roots of the median nerve?

Answer 16

[C5], C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 17

What are the nerve roots of the supraclavicular nerve?

Answer 17

C3, C4

Question 18

what dermatome may referred pain from the myocardium present in?

Answer 18

T1 & T2

Question 19

What is the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 19

(C7), C8, T1

Question 20

What are the nerve roots of the radial nerve?

Answer 20

[C5], C6, C7, C8 [T1]

Question 21

What is the nerve root of the subcostal nerve?

Answer 21

T12

Question 22

What are the nerve roots of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Answer 22

L2, 3

Question 23

What is the nerve root of the deep fibular nerve?

Answer 23

L5

Question 24

What is the nerve root of the superficial fibular nerve?

Answer 24

L4, L5, S1

Question 25

What is the nerve root of the saphenous nerve?

Answer 25

from femoral (L3, L4)

Question 26

What is the nerve root of the femoral nerve?

Answer 26

L2, L3, L4

Question 27

What is the nerve root of the obturator nerve?

Answer 27

L2, L3, L4

Question 28

What is the nerve root of the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 28

L1

Question 29

What is the nerve root of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 29

L1, L2

Question 30

What is the nerve root of the tibial nerve?

Answer 30

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Question 31

What does the tibial nerve give rise to?

Answer 31

Calcaneal nerves Medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 32

What is the nerve root of the sural nerve?

Answer 32

From tibial and common fibular S1, S2

Question 33

What is the nerve root of the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?

Answer 33

S1, S2, S3

Question 34

What is the nerve root of the iliohypogastric nerve?

Answer 34

L1

Question 35

1. Stimulation of femoral nerve 2. AP generated by receptors 3. AP continues along axons weaving through the ______ plexus 4. AP continues to ______ \_\_\_\_ 5. AP continues to _____ \_\_\_\_ 6. AP continues along axons to ______ \_\_\_\_ 7. AP continues along axons to _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 8. AP continues into the _______ \_\_\_\_ of ______ \_\_\_\_

Answer 35

1. Stimulation of femoral nerve 2. AP generated by receptors 3. AP continues along axons weaving through the lumbar plexus 4. AP continues to anterior rami 5. AP continues to spinal nerve 6. AP continues along axons to posterior root 7. AP continues along axons to posterior rootlets 8. AP continues into the posterior horn of spinal cord

Question 36

Which muscles are supplied by the motor axons through the cervical plexus?

Answer 36

Neck postural & strap muscles Diaphragm

Question 37

Which muscles are supplied by axons through the brachial plexus?

Answer 37

Muscles of the upper limb Extrinsic back muscles that move the upper limb or scapula

Question 38

Which muscles are supplied by T2-L3 motor axons?

Answer 38

Postural back muscles (posterior rami) Intercostal muscles (anterior rami) Anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (via thoracoabdominal, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve)

Question 39

What muscles are supplied by lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 39

Muscles of the lower limb perineal skeletal muscles

Question 40

What nerve roots is the cervical plexus?

Answer 40

C1-C4

Question 41

What nerve roots is the brachial plexus?

Answer 41

C5-T1

Question 42

What nerve roots is the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 42

L1-S4

Question 43

How would you test the myotome: C5

Answer 43

Shoulder abduction- deltoid

Question 44

How would you test the myotome: C6

Answer 44

Elbow flexion- biceps brachii

Question 45

How would you test the myotome: C7

Answer 45

Elbow extension- triceps brachii

Question 46

How would you test the myotome: C8

Answer 46

Finger flexion- flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 47

How would you test the myotome: T1

Answer 47

Finger abduction- dorsal interossei

Question 48

How would you test the myotome: L3

Answer 48

Knee extension- quadriceps femoris

Question 49

How would you test the myotome: L4

Answer 49

Ankle dorsiflexion- tibialis anterior

Question 50

How would you test the myotome: L5

Answer 50

Great toe extension- extensor hallucis longus

Question 51

How would you test the myotome: S1

Answer 51

Ankle plantarflexion- gastrocnemius

Question 52

How would you test the myotome: S2

Answer 52

Knee flexion- biceps femoris

Question 53

1. AP generated by voluntary intention in the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ cortex 2. AP conducted via ___ axons of the ___________ \_\_\_\_\_ 3. AP continues along axons to _____ \_\_\_\_ of _____ \_\_\_\_ 4. UMN synapse with ___ stimulating \_\_ 5. AP continues along axons to _____ \_\_\_\_\_ 6. AP continues to either _______ \_\_\_\_\_ OR _______ \_\_\_\_\_ 7. APs via anterior rami often weave through the lumbar plexus via a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ 8. APs then reach the ___ of the _____ \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 53

1. AP generated by voluntary intention in the primary somatomotor cortex 2. AP conducted via UMN axons of the corticospinal tract 3. AP continues along axons to anterior horn of spinal cord 4. UMN synapse with LMN stimulating AP 5. AP continues along axons to spinal nerve 6. AP continues to either posterior ramus OR anterior ramus 7. APs via anterior rami often weave through the lumbar plexus via a named nerve 8. APs then reach the NMJ of the supplied muscle

Question 54

What is a reflex?

Answer 54

Involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 55

UMN lesions cause

Answer 55

Spasticity

Question 56

LMN lesions cause

Answer 56

flaccidity

Question 57

What spinal cord segments are being tested with the biceps reflex?

Answer 57

C5, C6

Question 58

What spinal cord segments are being tested with the brachioradialis reflex?

Answer 58

C6

Question 59

What spinal cord segments are being tested with the triceps reflex?

Answer 59

C7

Question 60

What spinal cord segments are being tested with the knee jerk reflex?

Answer 60

L3

Question 61

What spinal cord segments are being tested with the ankle jerk reflex?

Answer 61

S1