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Neurology > Anatomy of the PNS > Flashcards

Anatomy of the PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of the nervous system

A

Neurones

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2
Q

What are the two main types of neurones

A

Multipolar and unipolar

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3
Q

Describe multipolar neurones

A
  • 2 or more dendrites - All motor neurones of skeletal muscle and ANS - cell body in CNS
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4
Q

Describe unipolar neurones

A
  • double process - aka pseudounipolar/sensory - cell body in PNS
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5
Q

Describe motor (efferent) neurones

A

Impulse moves towards body wall, body cavity or organ

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6
Q

describe sensory (afferent neurones)

A

Impulse moves towards the brain

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7
Q

Collections of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels is called a ____ in the CNS

A

Collections of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels is called a tract in the CNS

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8
Q

Tracts tend to consist of _ _____ modality

A

Tracts tend to consist of a single modality

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9
Q

Name the cranial nerves, their function and their connection to the CNS

A

CN I - olfactory nerve, sensory special, forebrain

CN II - optic nerve, sensory (special), forebrain

CN III- oculomotor nerve. motor, midbrain

CN IV- trochlear nerve, motor, midbrain

CN V- trigeminal nerve, both, pons

CN VI- abducent nerve, motor, junction P & medulla

CN VII- facial nerve, both, junction P & medulla

CN VIII- vestibulocochlear nerve, sensory (special), junction P and medulla

CN IX- glossopharyngeal nerve, both, medulla

CN X- vagus nerve, both, medulla

CN XI- spinal accessory nerve, motor, spinal cord

CN XII- hypoglossal nerve, motor, medulla

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10
Q

What is the acronym for entry points of cranial nerves into the CNS

A

F2 Makes Many Pounds J3 Makes Men Shout Money

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11
Q

There are __ pairs of spinal nerves - _ cervical : __ - __ -__ thoracic : __ - ___ -_ lumbar : __-__ -_ coccygeal: ___

A

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves -

8 cervical : C1 - C8

12 thoracic : T1 - T12

5 lumbar : L1 - L5

1 coccygeal: Co1

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12
Q

Spinal nerves are only found where?

A

In intervertebral foramina

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13
Q

Spinal nerves connect with structures of soma via ____

A

Spinal nerves connect with structures of soma via rami

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14
Q

The spinal nerves connect with the spinal cord segment of the same number via ___ and _______

A

The spinal nerves connect with the spinal cord segment of the same number via roots and rootlets

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

All sensory axons pass from the ____ ____ into the _____ root then into the _____ ______ then into the _____ ______ of the _____ _____

A

All sensory axons pass from the spinal nerve into the posterior root then into the posterior rootlets then into the posterior horn of the spinal cord

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17
Q

All ____ axons pass from the _____ horn of the spinal cord into the _____ _____ then into the _____ _____ then into the _____ _____

A

All motor axons pass from the anterior horn of the spinal cord into the anterior rootlets then into the anterior root then into the spinal nerve

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18
Q

What does each spinal nerve supply innervation to?

A

Unilateral area of the body

19
Q

Each spinal nerve pair supplies a body segment with?

(3)

A
  • general sensory supply to all structures
  • somatic motor supply to skeletal muscles
  • sympathetic nerve supply to the skin and to the smooth muscle of arterioles
20
Q

What is a dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

21
Q

what is a myotome

A

the skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

22
Q

Dermatome landmards;

  • nipple
  • umbilicus
A

Nipple= T4 segment

Umbilicus= T10 segment

23
Q

Dermatomes of posterior scalp, neck and shoulder ?

A

C2-C4

24
Q

Dermatomes of upper limb?

A

C5-T1

25
Q

Dermatomes of lower limb gluteal region and perineum?

A

L2- Co1

26
Q

What are nerve plexuses

A

Intermingled rami from a number of adjacent spinal nerves

27
Q

What are the four main plexuses and their spinal nerves

A
  • Cervical plexus : C1-C4
  • Brachial plexus: C5- T1
  • Lumbar plexus: L1-L4
  • Sacral plexus: L5-S4
28
Q

___ to ___ have lateral horns - cell bodies

A

T1 to L2 have lateral horns - cell bodies

29
Q

How does sympathetic outflow reach the heart?

A

Presynaptic axons synapse in T1 or cervical paravertebral ganglia

Postsynaptic axons pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to the SA & AV nodes and the myocardium

30
Q

How does sympathetic outflow reach the Lungs?

A

Presynaptic axons synapse in upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia

Postsynaptic axons pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to the bronchiolar smooth muscle & mucous glands

31
Q

How does sympathetic outflow reach the abdominopelvic organs?

A

Presynaptic axons synapse in one of the prevertebral ganglia

-

32
Q

Where do presynaptic sympathetic axons for the foregut synapse?

A

celiac ganglion

33
Q

Where do presynaptic sympathetic axons for the kidney synapse?

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

34
Q

Where do presynaptic sympathetic axons for the midgut synapse?

A

Superior mesenteric ganglion of SM plexus

35
Q

Where do presynaptic sympathetic axons for the hindgut & pelvic/perineal organs synapse?

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion of IF plexus

36
Q

How does sympathetic outflow reach the adrenal medulla

A

Presynaptic axons pass through the aorticorenal ganglion to synapse directly onto the adrenaline/noradrenaline secreting cells of the adrenal medulla

37
Q

How do presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

A

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX & X

Sacral spinal nerves

38
Q

What do presynaptic parasympathetic axons for the eye travel via?

A

ciliary ganglion

39
Q

What do presynaptic parasympathetic axons for the lacrimal gland and salivary glands travel via?

A

Parasympathetic ganglia in the head

40
Q

What do presynaptic parasympathetic axons for the organs of the neck, chest and abdomen-midgut travel via?

A

vagus nerve

41
Q

What do presynaptic parasympathetic axons for the hindgut, pelvis and perineum travel via?

A

sacral spinal nerves

42
Q

What are the ipsilateral symptoms of horners syndrome?

A

miosis

ptosis

reduced sweating

increased warmth and redness

43
Q

What is horners syndrome?

A

Impaired sympathetic innervation to head and neck

44
Q

What are the causes of compression of the cervical parts of the sympathetic trunk?

A

Root of neck trauma

Carotid dissection

Internal jugular vein engorgement

Deep cervical node metastases

Pancoast tumour (lung apex)

Neurology (41 decks)

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