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Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) > CLINICAL - Radiographic Positioning > Flashcards

CLINICAL - Radiographic Positioning Flashcards

1
Q

In what position should you place your patient for a radiograph of the lateral thorax?

A

Lateral recumbency

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2
Q

Where should you position the wedges and sandbags for a radiograph of the lateral thorax?

A

Extend the hindlimbs caudally and place a rectangle wedge between the forelimbs and hindlimbs
Place a sandbag over the forelimbs and hindlimbs
Place a sandbag over the neck
Place a sloped wedge under the thorax and part of abdomen

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3
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks for a radiograph of the lateral thorax?

A

Centre: Caudal to the scapula and midway up the thorax
Cranial: Thoracic inlet
Caudal: Caudal rib cage
Lateral: Dorsal and ventral skin surfaces

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4
Q

In what position should you place your patient for a radiograph of the dorsoventral thorax?

A

Sternal recumbency

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5
Q

Where should you position the wedges and sandbags for a radiograph of the dorsoventral thorax?

A

Support the head on a rectangle wedge with a sandbag over the neck
Abduct the forelimbs and place a sandbag over each forelimb
Can use sloped wedges to help align the thorax

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6
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks for a radiograph of the dorsoventral thorax?

A

Centre: Caudal to the scapula and midway up the thorax
Cranial: Thoracic inlet
Caudal: Last few ribs
Lateral: Lateral skin surfaces

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7
Q

In what position should you place your patient for a radiograph of the lateral abdomen?

A

Lateral recumbency

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8
Q

Where should you position the wedges and sandbags for a radiograph of the lateral abdomen?

A

Extend the hindlimbs caudally and place a rectangle wedge between the forelimbs and hindlimbs
Place a sandbag over the forelimbs and hindlimbs
Place a sandbag across the neck
Place a sloped wedge under the thorax and part of abdomen

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9
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks for a radiograph of the lateral abdomen?

A

Centre: Midway between the last rib and ilium
Cranial: Include the last few ribs
Caudal: Greater trochanter
Lateral: Dorsal and ventral skin surfaces

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10
Q

In what position should you place your patient for a radiograph of the ventrodorsal abdomen?

A

Dorsal recumbency in a trough

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11
Q

Where should you position the wedges and sandbags for a radiograph of the ventrodorsal abdomen?

A

Position the hindlimbs in a frog leg position
Pull the forelimbs forward and secure them with sandbags
DO NOT PLACE SANDBAG OVER THE NECK

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12
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks for a radiograph of the ventrodorsal abdomen?

A

Centre: Between the last rib and umbilicus
Cranial: Include the last few ribs
Caudal: Pelvic inlet
Lateral: Lateral skin surfaces

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13
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the mediolateral shoulder?

A
  1. Place your patient in lateral recumbency (side of interest down)
  2. Pull unaffected limb caudodorsally along the body using a tie and sandbag
  3. Leave the affected limb in a neutral position
  4. Extend the head and neck out of the field of vision and place sandbag over the neck
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14
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph the mediolateral shoulder?

A

Centre: Acromion process
Cranial: Distal half of the scapula
Caudal: Proximal half of the humerus
Lateral: Skin surfaces

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15
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the craniocaudal shoulder?

A
  1. Place your patient in sternal recumbency
  2. Place unaffected limb on foam wedges
  3. Extend the affected limb forward
  4. Place a triangular wedge behind the elbow of the affected limb and secure this with a sandbag
  5. Turn the head away from the affected limb and out of the field of vision
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16
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph the craniocaudal shoulder?

A

Centre: Acromion process
Cranial: Distal half of the scapula
Caudal: Proximal half of the humerus
Lateral: Skin surfaces

17
Q

In what two positions can you radiograph a mediolateral elbow?

A

Neutral position
Flexed position

18
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the mediolateral elbow in the neural position?

A
  1. Place your patient in lateral recumbency (with the side of interest down)
  2. Pull unaffected limb caudodorsally along the body using a tie and sandbag
  3. Leave the affected limb in a neutral position
  4. Extend the head and neck out of the field of vision and place sandbag over the neck
19
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the mediolateral elbow in the flexed position?

A
  1. Place your patient in lateral recumbency (with the side of interest down)
  2. Pull unaffected limb caudodorsally along the body using a tie and sandbag
  3. Place a triangular foam wedge under the carpus to flex the elbow at 45°
  4. Extend the head and neck out of the field of vision and place sandbag over the neck
20
Q

What is the benefit of radiographing the mediolateral elbow in the flexed position?

A

Allows you to highlight the anconeal process

21
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph the mediolateral elbow?

A

Centre: Humeral mediolateral condyle
Cranial: Distal third of the humerus
Caudal: Proximal radius and ulna
Lateral: Skin surfaces

22
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the craniocaudal elbow?

A
  1. Place your patient in sternal recumbency
  2. Place unaffected limb on foam wedges
  3. Extend the affected limb forward
  4. Turn the head away from the affected limb and out of the field of vision
  5. Place a triangular foam wedge behind the shoulder of the affected limb and stabilise this wedge with a sandbag to allow you to fully extend and straighten the elbow of the affected limb
  6. Place a sandbag over the carpus

Ensure the olecranon process is in line with the humerus

23
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph the craniocaudal elbow?

A

Centre: Humeral epicondyles
Cranial: Distal third of the humerus
Caudal: Proximal third of the radius and ulna
Lateral: Skin surfaces

24
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the mediolateral carpus and paw?

A
  1. Place your patient in lateral recumbency (side of interest down)
  2. Pull unaffected limb caudodorsally along the body using a tie and sandbag
  3. Leave affected limb in a neutral position
  4. Extend the head and neck out of the field of vision and place a sandbag over the neck
25
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph the mediolateral carpus and paw?

A

Centre: Carpal joint
Cranial: Distal third of radius and ulna
Caudal: Length of the paw
Lateral: Skin surfaces

26
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the dorsopalmer carpus and paw?

A
  1. Place your patient in sternal recumbency
  2. Place unaffected limb on foam wedges
  3. Extend the affected limb forward
  4. Turn the head away from the affected limb and out of the field of vision
  5. Place a triangular foam wedge behind the shoulder of the affected limb and stabilise this wedge with a sandbag to allow you to fully extend and straighten the carpus of the affected limb
27
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph the dorsopalmer carpus and paw?

A

Centre: Carpal joint
Cranial: Distal third of radius and ulna
Caudal: Length of the paw
Lateral: Skin surfaces

28
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the lateral pelvis?

A
  1. Place your patient in lateral recumbency
  2. Place a triangular foam wedge under the sternum and a rectangular foam wedge between the hindlimbs to prevent rotation
  3. Place a sandbag over the neck
29
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used for a radiograph of the lateral pelvis?

A

Centre: Greater trochanter
Cranial: Wing of the ilium
Caudal: Tuber ishium
Lateral: Skin surfaces

30
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the flexed pelvis?

A
  1. Place your patient in dorsal recumbency in a trough with the entire pelvis positioned beyond the edge of the trough onto the table
  2. Allow the hindlimbs to falll naturally to either side of the pelvis (like froglegs)
  3. Secure the forelimbs by placing sandbags across the axillae
  4. Place small foam wedges under either side of the pelvis to help stabilise if necessary
31
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph a flexed pelvis?

A

Centre: Midline at the level of the greater trochanter
Cranial: Level of the wings of the ilium
Caudal: Level of the ishium
Lateral: Skin surfaces

32
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the extended pelvis?

A
  1. Place your patient in dorsal recumbency in a trough with the entire pelvis positioned beyond the edge of the trough onto the table
  2. Extend the hindlimbs caudally, rotating the stifles inward
  3. Ask an assistant to place table around the hindlimbs, just above the stifle
  4. Place a foam wedge in between the hindlimbs and a sandbag over the top of the tarsi
    5.

Palpate to ensure the greater trochanters are at the same height

33
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used for a radiograph of the extended pelvis?

A

Centre: Midline at the level of the greater trochanter
Cranial: Level of the wing of the ilium
Caudal: Just distal to the stifles
Lateral: Skin surfaces

34
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the mediolateral stifle?

A
  1. Place your patient in lateral recumbency (side of interest down)
  2. Move the unaffected limb craniodorsally along the body using ties and sandbags
  3. Angle the tibia of the affected limb so the stifle and tarsus joints are 90° from eachother
  4. Place a sandbag over the neck
35
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used for a radiograph of the mediolateral stifle?

A

Centre: Tibial crest *(palpate the distal patellar ligament, the small depression behind it and slightly further behind will be the tibial crest) *
Cranial: Distal third of the femur
Caudal: Proximal third of the tibia
Lateral: Skin surfaces

36
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the craniocaudal stifle?

A
  1. Place your patient in sternal recumbency
  2. Extend the affected limb caudally
  3. Prop up the unaffected limb on foam wedges and secure the tail out of the field of vision using a sandbag
  4. Place a foam wedge in front of the hip of the affected limb, securing this wedge with a sandbag. This allows you to fully extend and straighten the stifle of the affected limb
  5. Place a wedge under the tarsal joint and a sandbag over the tarsal joint of the affected limb for stabilisation
37
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used for a radiograph of the craniocaudal stifle?

A

Centre: Tibial crest
Cranial: Distal third of the femur
Caudal: Proximal third of the tibia
Lateral: Skin surfaces

38
Q

How would you position your patient for a radiograph of the mediolateral tarsus and paw?

A
  1. Place your patient in lateral recumbency (side of interest down)
  2. Move the unaffected limb craniodorsally along the body using ties and sandbags
  3. Leave the affected limb in a neutral position
39
Q

What are the anatomical landmarks used to radiograph the mediolateral tarsus and paw?

A

Centre: Medial malleolus
Cranial: Distal third of the tibia
Caudal: Length of the paw
Lateral: Skin surfaces

Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) (10 decks)

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