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EPPP > Clinical Psychology > Flashcards

Clinical Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Psychodynamic Therapy

A

-human behavior is motivated by the unconscious
-early development has an influence on the present
-insight into the unconscious is the key to therapy

Ex. Freud Psychoanalysis, Adler’s Individual , Jung’s Analytical, Mahler’s Object Relations Theory

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2
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

A

human beings are determined by events occurring in the first 5 years;
personality theory;
maladaptive behavior results from unresolved childhood conflict;
therapy goals: being consciously aware of the unconscious

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3
Q

Freud’s personality theory

A

structural: id, ego, superego
developmental: libido changes across 5 stages- oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
defense mechanisms

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4
Q

defense mechanisms

A

used by the ego toward off anxiety resulting from
conflicts between id impulses and the demands of the superego or reality;

lead to maladaptive behavior when they become a habit way of dealing with conflict

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5
Q

reaction formation

A
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6
Q

projection

A
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7
Q

repression

A
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8
Q

sublimation

A
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9
Q

Freud’s psychodynamic techniques

A

analysis: free association, dreams, resistance, transference
confrontation, clarification, interpretation, catharsis;
working through

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10
Q

Adler’s Individual Therapy

A

teleological approach: behavior is motivated by future goals!
personality: focus on inferiority feelings, serving for superiority, style of life, & social interest;
two styles of life

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11
Q

style of life

A

how a person compensates for inferiority;

healthy style of life: goals reflect optimism, confidence, the welfare of others

mistaken style of life: goals are self-centered, strive for personal power, competition

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12
Q

4 goals of Behavior in children

A

power, attention, revenge, display deficiency

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13
Q

Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy

A

libido: general psychic energy
behavior determined by past events & future goals
personality: consequence of conscious & unconscious;
individuation

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14
Q

archetypes

A

primordial images that structure how people perceive experiences

ex. persona, shadow, anima, animus

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15
Q

persona

A

public mask

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16
Q

shadow

A

dark side

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17
Q

anima

A

feminine

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18
Q

animus

A

masculine

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19
Q

individuation

A

integration of conscious & unconscious –> unique identity –> wisdom

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20
Q

Jung & transference

A

interested in it;
projection of unconscious

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21
Q

Object Relations Theory

A

Mahler;
view object seeking as basic drive;
goal: bring conscious awareness to unconscious relationship & replace with appropriate ones
focus: splitting, projective identification

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22
Q

(Mahler’s) Model of Early Development

A

[1m] normal infantile autism: self-absorbed
normal symbiotic phase: child aware of mom
[4/5m] separation-individuation
separation anxiety
[3y] object constancy

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23
Q

Introjection

A

assimilating aspect of the object onto self

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24
Q

Humanistic Therapy

A

free-will;
here & now;
rejection of diagnostic labels;
self-actualization

ex. Rogerian, Gestalt, Existential, Reality,

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25
Q

Person Centered Therapy (Rogerian)

A

self-actualization tendency= source of motivation;
maladaptive behavior is due to incongruence b/w self & experience

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26
Q

3 therapeutic conditions of rogerian therapy

A

unconditional positive regard;
genuiness: genuine & authentic
accurate empathetic understanding

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27
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A

Perls;
whole> sum of parts;&
emphasis on contact, awareness, & experimentation;
personality: self & self-image
Goal: become a unified whole!

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28
Q

self

A

aspect that promotes one’s ability to live as fully integrated person

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29
Q

self-image

A

“darker side”

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30
Q

Gestalt & Maladaptive behavior

A

neurotic behavior is a growth disorder that stems from disturbance in boundary b/w self & environment

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31
Q

boundary disturbances

A

introjection, projection, retroflection, confluence

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32
Q

introjection

A

accepting concept/facts w/o fully understanding them

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33
Q

projection

A

disowning aspects of self & associating them to other people

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34
Q

retroflection

A

doing to oneself what they want to do to others

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35
Q

confluence

A

no boundary –> intolerance of any diff b/w self & others

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36
Q

Gestalt & transference

A

transference= counterproductive!!

focus on helping client differentiate between fantasy & reality)

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37
Q

Existential Therapy

A

Frankl;
emphasis on personal & responsibility or developing meaningful life;
success v failure identity

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38
Q

Personal Construct Therapy

A

Kelly; Constructivist!
focus on how client experiences world based on how bipolar dimension construct

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39
Q

Brief Therapies

A

time limited, focus on current concerns, therapist takes an active role;

Ex. Interpersonal, solution focused, Transtheoretical, Motivational Interviewing

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40
Q

Interpersonal Therapy

A

Kierman & Weissman;
focus on social relationships
primary problem areas: unresolved grief, role transitions, interpersonal deficits, & interpersonal role dispute

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41
Q

Primary Problem Areas of Interpersonal Therapy

A

unresolved grief, role transition, interpersonal; deficits, & interpersonal role dispute

42
Q

Solution Focused Therapy

A

focus on the solution not the problem nor etiology;
use of questions

43
Q

miracle question

A

“If everything was fixed…”

44
Q

exception question

A

“when did you not feel that way?”

45
Q

scaling question

A

“1 to 10”

46
Q

Transtheoretical Model

A

Prochaska & Diclemente;
focus on factors that facilitate behavior change;
stages of change (progression not linear)
*interventions most effective when they match the stage a person is in

47
Q

Stages of Change

A

pre contemplation: individual has little insight into the need to change;
contemplation: individual aware that change is needed but not committed to change
preparation: plans to take action & has realistic plan
action: takes steps to change behavior:
maintenance: change in behavior for 6+ months & takes steps to prevent relapse

48
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

focus on factors that impede ability to change;

Goal: enhance intrinsic motivation by helping client examine their ambivalence about change;

advocates a collaborative relationship b/w therapist & client

49
Q

Techniques for MI

A

OARS

Open ended questions
Affirmations
Reflective listening
Summaries

50
Q

Family Therapies

A

focus on the unit and not on the individual

ex. general systems, communication/interaction family, extended family system, structural family, strategic family, Millan’s systemic, behavioral, Object Relations Family

51
Q

General Systems Theory

A

system is maintained through interactions; family is open system

maladaptive behavior is due to dysfunctional communication patterns

52
Q

cybernetics

A

involves a feedback loop;
negative: reduces deviation
positive: increases deviation & disrupts system

53
Q

double-blind communication

A

conflicting negative injunctions
“do this & you will be punished”

54
Q

communication/ interaction family therapy

A

2 assumptions: all behavior is communication & all communication has a report & command function

2 communication patters: symmetrical & complementary

55
Q

symmetrical communication pattern

A

equality b/w communication but may lead to one-upmanship

56
Q

complementary communication pattern

A

reflect inequality

57
Q

Extended Family Systems

A

Bowen;
family functioning in terms of inter-related concepts: differentiation, emotional triangles, family projection process, multigenerational transmutation

58
Q

diffrentiation

A

individual ability to separate intellectuals & emotional functions

59
Q

undifferentiated family ego

A

family members whose members are highly emotionally fused

60
Q

emotional triangle

A

third person added to a duo to increase stability & decrease tension

61
Q

family projection process

A

process by which parental conflicts & emotional immaturity are transmitted to children

62
Q

multigenerational transmission process

A

lower levels of differentiation are passed down from one generation to another;

*leads to maladaptive behavior

63
Q

Genogram

A

depicts relationships between family members & is used as an ASMT tool

64
Q

Structural Family Therapy

A

Minhuchin;
looks at power hierarchies, subsystems & boundaries

*maladaptive behavior results from inflexible family structure

65
Q

Detouring

A

rigid triad where people focus on one child either by overprotecting or scapegoating

66
Q

stable coalition

A

rigid triad where parent 1 & child team up & gang up against parent 2

67
Q

triangulation

A

rigid triad where each parent pull child to their side;

AKA unstable coalition

68
Q

Techniques used in Structural Family Therapies

A

Joining: blending with the family (mimesis & tracking)
evaluating family structure
restructuring family

69
Q

Strategic Family Therapy

A

Haley;
maladaptive behavior: role of communication & control
*based on assumption that behavior change is due to change in perception & emotions

relies on paradoxical interventions

70
Q

paradoxical interventions

A

alters behaviors of family members;
using resistance in a constructive way;

Ex. ordeals, restraining, positioning, reframing, prescribing

71
Q

ordeal

A

perform unpleasant task every time symptom occurs

72
Q

restraining

A

encouraging family not to change

73
Q

positioning

A

therapist accepts & exaggerates client assertions about the problem

74
Q

reframing

A

giving symptoms a more + meaning

75
Q

prescribing

A

instructing client to maintain/exaggerate symptom

76
Q

Milan Systemic Family Therapy

A

Milan;
maladaptive behavior results from family patterns that are so fixed, members can’t make new choices

goal: help members see their choices
*use circular questions which are asked to each member

77
Q

Behavioral Family Therapy

A

based on operant conditioning, social learning, & social exchange;

maladaptive behavior is learned & maintained by antecedents & consequences

goal: identify function of maladaptive behavior & replace with more adaptive ones

78
Q

Object Relations Family Therapy

A

maladaptive behavior is due to intrapsychic & interpersonal factors

source of dysfunction is projective identification

79
Q

projective identification

A

family member projects old introjects onto another family member

80
Q

Group Therapy

A

Yalom;
groups go through stages: orientation, conflict, development of cohesiveness
*therapist is meant to be a technical expert and participant

81
Q

Yale’s 11 curative factors

A

cohesion, interpersonal learning, catharsis, self-understanding (most important for group members) + altruism, universality, guidance, identification, family-reenactment, installation of hope, & existential factors

82
Q

people suited for group therapy

A

when the problem is interpersonal issue, person motivated to change, person has a + view of group therapy, & person likes peer support

83
Q

Feminist Therapy

A

emphasis on power difference between women & men & how that affects behavior;
goal: bring empowerment

84
Q

self-in relation theory

A

mean gender diff can be traced to differences in mom-daughter & mom-son relationships

85
Q

Hypnosis

A

used to recover repressed memories

86
Q

acupunture

A

useful for reducing some types of pain by unlocking flow of qi

87
Q

reflexology

A

applying pressure to reflex areas to re-establish balance

88
Q

primary prevention

A

goal is to decrease prevalence, strategies that promote health available to ALL members

89
Q

secondary prevention

A

decrease prevalence by decreasing duration through early detection/intervention

90
Q

tertiary prevention

A

decrease duration & consequences of mental & physical disorder

91
Q

Health Belief Model

A

health behaviors influenced by
1) susceptibility to illness
2) individual evaluation of benefits & costs
3) internal & external cues to action

*implies that all behaviors can be modified by targeting knowledge

92
Q

organizational consultation

A

entire organization is consulted

93
Q

advocacy consultation

A

consultant fosters goals of disenfranchised group

94
Q

mental health consultation

A

Caplan;
involves consultant, consultee, & client

95
Q

client-centered case consultation

A

working with therapist to develop plan that will increase their ability to work with patient

96
Q

consultee-centered-case consultation

A

enhancing consulate’s performance in delivering services to specific population;
targets consultee’s skills & knowledge
*theme interference can occur

97
Q

theme interference

A

conflict related to when a type of client/situation interferes with working with similar situation

98
Q

program-centered administration consultation

A

work with 1+ consultee & resolve problems relate to existing PROGRAM

99
Q

consultee-centered administration consultation

A

help administrative-level personnel improve professional functioning to be more effective in future

100
Q

things to keep in mind with telepsychology

A

-maintaining confidentiality & privacy
-how to obtain informed consent
-local & federal laws

EPPP (11 decks)

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