Clinical Preventative Medicine

Question 1

What are the basic concepts of preventive medicine?

Answer 1

Prevent or detect illness and injury

Diminish the need for curative treatment or symptom control

Question 2

What is prevalence?

Answer 2

# of cases at a given time / # of persons in the population (% per 100,000)
Measurement of all individuals affected by the disease within a particular period of time

Question 3

What is incidence?

Answer 3

# of new cases in a given time / # of persons in the population (% 100,000 in one year) 
Measurement of all the new individuals who contract a disease during a particular time period

Question 4

What is sensitivity?

Answer 4

The ability of a procedure or test to detect a condition or disease, if present, as expressed as a percentage positive

Question 5

If 100 people with the disease tested and 85 of them were positive the sensitivity is __%

Answer 5

85

Question 6

What is specificity?

Answer 6

Percent of positives that are true positives
OR
Percent of negatives that are true negatives

Question 7

If a test yield 100 positives and only 80 are true positives the specificity is __%

Answer 7

80

Question 8

And inc in sensitivity results in…

Answer 8

a decrease in specificity

Question 9

What are screening tests for?

Answer 9

Detect a disease or condition in individuals without signs or symptoms of that disease which allows identification of that condition as early as possible

Question 10

In a screening test, all test must have…

Answer 10

Defined objectives
Proper evaluation
Control groups

Question 11

What is primary prevention?

Answer 11

Aim to decrease the # of new cases of disease or condition

ex. early cardiovascular, hypertensive disease detection

Question 12

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 12

To diagnose and treat an existing disease in early stages to prevent death and lower rate of cases in population

Question 13

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 13

To decrease the degree of disability due to an existing disorder to restore function and reduce complications

Question 14

What is an example of multiple level prevention?

Answer 14

Secondary prevention DM may include primary prevention of CHD

Question 15

What is prophylaxis?

Answer 15

Any measure taken to prevent health problems referring to a specific treatment or therapy to prevent a condition

Question 16

Do preventive intervention require more consideration than treatment?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What is a successful intervention?

Answer 17

Affordable and cost effective

Question 18

Because preventative solutions can be less profitable…

Answer 18

Less attractive to industry

Question 19

Which is the most preventable cause of death?

Answer 19

Smoking

Question 20

What is the most preventable death in children?

Answer 20

Diarrheal disease

Question 21

What is the leading intervention to reduce death in children?

Answer 21

Breast feeding

Question 22

What are some benefits to workplace wellness programs?

Answer 22

Less sick leave
Less turnover
Inc production

Question 23

What are the targets of workplace wellness programs?

Answer 23

Smoking restrictions and employer paid cessation programs

Screenings

Question 24

What must be considered in exercise testing?

Answer 24

Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value

Question 25

What is spirometry?

Answer 25

Common office test used to assess how well your lungs work by measuring how much air you inhale, how much you exhale and how quickly you exhale
Motivation for smoking cessation

Question 26

What other screening tests should be done for workplace?

Answer 26

Depression
Alcoholism
Dementia
Hearing loss

Question 27

What are some community based activities?

Answer 27

Health fairs
Screening for diabetes, blood pressure, immunization, hearing/vision
Lab tests
Little overall cost

Question 28

What are the three specialty areas for careers in preventive medicine?

Answer 28

General Preventive Medicine & Public Health
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Aerospace Medicine

Question 29

What are the two sub-specialties of preventive medicine careers?

Answer 29

Medical Toxicology

Undersea Medicine

Question 30

What is the training for preventive medicine careers and what do they include?

Answer 30

Training: Clinical internship/transition year, 2 years further training including a Master of Public Health (MPH)
All programs include:
-Biostatistics 
-Epidemiology
-Management/Administration
Clinical experience in chosen area

Question 31

If a test yield 100 negatives and only 80 are actually do not have the disease the specificity is __%

Answer 31

80