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Oncology > Clinical Oncology - The Cancer Journey > Flashcards

Clinical Oncology - The Cancer Journey Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the vaccine used by the UK against HPV?

A

Gardasil

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2
Q

Which HPV’s does the uk vaccine protect against?

A

16, 18, 6, 11

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3
Q

Which HPV strains are mostly responsible for cervical cancer?

A

16 and 18

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4
Q

What percentage of UK cervical cancer cases are due to 16 and 18?

A

70%

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5
Q

Which types of HPV are associated with genital warts?

A

6 and 11

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6
Q

Which age group is the HPV vaccine offered to?

A

12-13 year olds - girls and boys

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7
Q

At what age does cervical cancer screening begin?

A

25

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8
Q

How often is a woman required to have her cervical screening?

A

Every 3 years

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9
Q

When aged 50, how often is a smear test required?

A

Every 5 years

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10
Q

When does a woman stop having smear tests?

A

At the age of 65, given her other smears have been normal

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11
Q

What is stage 1 cervical cancer?

A

The cancer is in the cervix and nowhere else

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12
Q

What is stage 1A1 cervical cancer?

A
  • The growth is so small it can only be seen with the microscope or colposcope
  • It has grown less than 3mm into the tissue of the cervix
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13
Q

What is stage 1A2 cervical cancer?

A
  • The growth is so small it can only be seen with the microscope or colposcope
  • It has grown less than 3-5mm into the tissue of the cervix
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14
Q

What is stage 1B1 cervical cancer?

A
  • It is usually visible without a microscope, but not always.
  • It is deeper than 5mm but no more than 2cm in size
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15
Q

What is stage 1B2 cervical cancer?

A
  • It is between 2 and 4cm in size
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16
Q

What is stage 1B3 cervical cancer?

A
  • It is usually visible without a microscope, but not always.
  • It is >4cm
17
Q

What is stage 2A1 cervical cancer?

A
  • The cancer has spread to the upper part of the vagina (in the ‘vault’ area)
  • The cancer is 4cm>
18
Q

What is stage 2A2 cervical cancer?

A
  • The cancer has spread to the upper part of the vagina (in the ‘vault’ area)
  • The cancer is 4cm
19
Q

What is stage 2B cervical cancer?

A
  • The cancer has spread upwards into the tissues around the cervix
20
Q

What is stage 3A cervical cancer?

A
  • The cancer has spread into the lower 1/3 of the vagina but not the pelvic wall
21
Q

What is stage 3B cervical cancer?

A
  • The tumour has grown into the pelvic wall and is blocking 1 or both of the ureters
22
Q

What is stage 3C1 cervical cancer?

A
  • There is cancer in the nearby pelvic lymph nodes
23
Q

What is stage 3C2 cervical cancer?

A
  • The cancer is in the para-aortic lymph nodes (abdominal)
24
Q

What is stage 4A cervical cancer?

A
  • The cancer has spread to nearby organs such as the bladder or rectum
25
Q

What is stage 4B cervical cancer?

A
  • The cancer has spread to organs further away e.g. the lungs
  • Metastatic cancer
26
Q

What is stage 2 cervical cancer?

A

The cancer has spread outside of the cervix and into the surrounding tissues but not into the muscles or ligaments of the pelvis or the distal part of the vagina (near the labia)

27
Q

What is stage 3 cervical cancer?

A

The cancer has spread from the cervix into the structures around it or into the lymph nodes in the pelvis or abdomen.

28
Q

What is stage 4 cervical cancer?

A

The cancer has spread to the bladder or rectum or to further organs. This is where it spreads to anywhere outside the cervix and uterus.

29
Q

What is the impact on sexual function of radiotherapy to the pelvis?

A

There is likely to be a loss of fertility due to the area of radiation exposure
Dryness to the vagina is also common

30
Q

What are the toxicities of cisplastin?

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Nausea and Vomiting
31
Q

What kind of chemotherapy is Cisplastin?

A

Platinum agent

Oncology (7 decks)

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