clinical nutrition 2

Question 1

sodium cotransport occurs linked to (4)

Answer 1

• glucose
• amino acids
• hydrogen ions
• phosphate

Question 2

where macula densa is found

Answer 2

next to afferent arteriole in kidney

Question 3

macula densa senses

Answer 3

chloride amount in blood

Question 4

renin released in response to (3)

Answer 4

• reduced stretch afferent arteriole
• signals from macula densa due to low chloride
• sympathetic nerve stimulation

Question 5

thiazide site of action

Answer 5

early distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

potassium sparing diuretics action

Answer 6

inhibit aldosterone at collecting tubule

Question 7

NSAIDs and heart failure

Answer 7

cause salt and water retention and reduces diuretic efficacy

Question 8

reduced sodium diet recommended for

Answer 8

heart disease particularly congestive heart failure

Question 9

low protein diet recommended for

Answer 9

• kidney disease

- advanced liver disease

Question 10

low protein diet cons

Answer 10

often have high fat to make up calories

Question 11

low phosphorus diets recommended for

Answer 11

chronic kidney disease

Question 12

low fat diet recommended for

Answer 12

• weight loss
• pancreatitis
• GI malabsorption

Question 13

reduced fat diets commonly have

Answer 13

high fibre

Question 14

high fibre diets recommended for

Answer 14

GI disease like colitis or constipation

Question 15

theory of restricting protein in renal disease

Answer 15

reduce azotemia and nitrogenous waste filtered by kidneys

Question 16

protein restriction and protein losing enteropathy

Answer 16

restricting protein can increase intake

Question 17

phosphorus restriction and renal disease

Answer 17

is beneficial if there is hyperphosphataemia and can help reduce chances of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 18

acid base and renal disease

Answer 18

acidosis can exacerbate renal disease by increasing protein turnover in muscle

Question 19

omega 3 fatty acid in diet and renal disease

Answer 19

help reduce inflammation

can improve appetite