Clinical Notes Model 7 (MA)

Question 1

Shoulder Subluxation

Answer 1

Refers to the development of a space which is palpable between the head of the humerus and acromion; due to a loss of muscle tone weakness in the rotator cuff muscles and or serratus anterior; causes include stroke, trauma to the brachial plexus, and high spinal cords injuries.

Question 2

Shoulder Dislocation

Answer 2

When the humeral head comes entirely out of glenoid fossa, it usually involves tear of labrum and/or rotator cuff and/or surrounding ligaments

Question 3

Shoulder Separation

Answer 3

Injury to AC joint and/or surrounding ligaments.

-If you have a fall directly unto the shoulder that can cause the ligaments around the joint to tear, and if the forces is severe enough the ligament on the side of the clavicle from the scapula, this will cause a bump over the top of the shoulder and that is what is meant by a shoulder separation.

Question 4

Adhesive capsulitis (aka frozen shoulders)

Answer 4

Refers the a thickening and stiffening of the glenohumeral joint capsule associated ligaments resulting in pain and decreased mobility of the shoulder.

Question 5

Fractures

Answer 5

Common humeral fractures: anatomical neck fracture, surgical neck fracture, spiral fracture of mid-humerus, transverse supraepicondylar fracture

Common Clavicular fractures: commonly fractured at the middle and lateral 1/3 due to fall or force after a fracture, the sternocleidomastoid elevates the medial part of the bone

Common scapular fractures: commonly caused by pedestrian accidents’ usually little to no intervention, occasional protruding acromion.

Question 6

Rotator cuff injury

Answer 6

refers to partial or complete rupture of one or more of the rotator/SITS muscles near the insertion on the greater tubercle; most commonly involved muscles is supraspinatus

Question 7

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Answer 7

Caused by tendons of the rotator cuff muscles becoming irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space

Question 8

Paralysis of the serratus anterior

Answer 8

Due to injury to the long thoracic nerve; scapula will move away from the thoracic wall causing a winged scapula; causing decreased ability to raise the arm overhead

Question 9

Paralysis of the deltoid

Answer 9

Due to injury to the axillary nerve; rounded contour of the shoulder disappears and there is a hollowing inferior to the acromion; causes inability to abduct the arm above 15 degrees