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First Aid STEP 1 - Microbiology > Clinical Mycology > Flashcards

Clinical Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is a person most likely to get histoplasmosis?

A

Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

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2
Q

What disease does Histoplasmosis cause?

A

pneumonia

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3
Q

What is unique about where histoplasmosis stays in the body?

A

histoplasmosis hides WITHIN macrophages

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4
Q

How can a person get histoplasmosis?

A

bird or bat droppings

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5
Q

Where is a person most likely to get blastomycosis?

A

states east of Mississippi River and Central America

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6
Q

What disease does blastomycosis cause?

A

inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone

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7
Q

What is a characteristic of blastomycosis replication?

A

broad based budding

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8
Q

Where is a person most likely to get coccidioidomycosis?

A

Southwestern United States, California

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9
Q

What disease does coccidioidomycosis cause?

A

pneumonia
meningitis
disseminate to bone and skin

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10
Q

Coccidioidomycosis is unique in that is not a yeast. Instead, it takes what shape?

A

spherule

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11
Q

After what natural disaster will cases of coccidioidomycosis increase?

A

earthquakes (spores in dust thrown up in the air)

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12
Q

Where is a person most likely to get paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Latin America

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13
Q

What is the characteristic formation of paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

“captain’s wheel” formation

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14
Q

List the systemic mycoses

A 
histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
coccidioidomycosis
paracoccidioidomycosis
cutaneous mycoses
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15
Q

What is the causative microorganism of Tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

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16
Q

How does Malassezia furfur cause hypo pigmentation or hyper pigmentation?

A

degradation of lipids –> acids that damage melanocytes –> hypo pigmentation or hyper pigmentation

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17
Q

What is the treatment for Tinea versicolor?

A 
topical miconazole
selenium sulfide (Selsun)
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18
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of Malassezia furfur?

A

“spaghetti and meatball” appearance

19
Q

What is the treatment for other tinea (e.g. tinea pedis, tinea curries, tinea carpers, tinea capitis)?

A

ketoconazole

20
Q

List the opportunistic fungal infections

A 
Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mucor and Rhizopus spp.
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Sporothrix schenckii
21
Q

What diseases are caused by Candida albicans?

A 
oral and esophageal thrush in IC pts
vulvovaginitis
diaper rash
endocarditis in IV drug users
disseminated candidiasis
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
22
Q

What is the treatment for Candida albicans infection?

A

topical azole for vaginal
fluconazole or caspofungin for oral/esophageal
fluconazole, amphotericin B, or caspofungin for systemic

23
Q

What patients are most susceptible to Aspergillus fumigatus infections?

A 
IC pts (chronic steroids and transplant patients)
chronic granulomatous disease
24
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is associated with which diseases?

A

asthma and cystic fibrosis

25
Q

When are aspergillomas most commonly seen?

A

after a TB infection

26
Q

What is a characteristic of Aspergillus fumigatus

A

septate hyphae that branch @ 45 degree angles

27
Q

Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus are associated with what cancer?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

Where is Cryptococcus neoformans most often found?

A

soil and pigeon droppings

29
Q

What lesion is indicative of a cryptococcus neoforms infection in the brain?

A

“soap bubble” lesions in the brain

30
Q

What group of people is Mucor and Rhizopus spp. infection most commonly seen?

A

ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients

31
Q

What is the pathogenesis of mucormycosis?

A

excess ketone and glucose –> fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls –> penetrate cribriform plate –> enter brain

32
Q

What area of the brain is most affected by mucormycosis?

A

frontal lobe (location of abscesses)

33
Q

What are symptoms of mucormycosis infection?

A

HA
facial pain
black necrotic eschar on face
may have cranial nerve involvement

34
Q

What is the treatment for mucormycosis infection?

A

amphotericin B

35
Q

What disease is caused by Pneumocystic jirovecii?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a diffuse interstitial pneumonia

36
Q

What patients is Pneumocystic jirovecii infection most commonly seen?

A

IC pts (e.g. AIDS)

37
Q

Disc shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue indicates what type of infection?

A

Pneumocystic jirovecii infection

38
Q

What is the treatment/prophylaxis for PCP infection?

A

TMP-SMX (1st line)
pentamidine (if pt has a sulfa allergy)
dapsone (prophylaxis only)
atovaquone (prophylaxis only)

39
Q

When should you start prophylaxis for PCP in an IC pt?

A

when CD4 count drops <200 cells/mm3 in HIV pts

40
Q

Where is Sporothrix schenckii found?

A

vegetation

41
Q

What are physical characteristics of Sporothrix schenckii?

A

dimorphic, cigar-shaped budding yeast

42
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Sporotrichosis (infection from Sporothrix schenckii)?

A

spores introduced into the skin (typically by a thorn) (a.k.a. rose gardener’s disease) –> local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)

43
Q

What is the treatment for Sporotrichosis?

A

itraconazole or potassium iodide

First Aid STEP 1 - Microbiology (4 decks)

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