Clinical Bacteriology II Flashcards
What is the causative microorganism of Lyme Disease and what is the natural reservoir?
Causative microorganism: Borrelia burgdorferi (transmitted in tick)
Natural reservoir: mouse
What are the symptoms of Lyme Disease?
Initial symptoms
- erythema chronic migrans (bulls eye rash)
- flu-like symptoms
- +/- facial nerve palsy
Later symptoms
- monoarthritis (large joints)
- migratory polyarthritis
- cardiac (AV nodal block)
- neurologic (encephalopathy, facial nerve palsy, polyneuropathy)
What is the treatment for Lyme Disease?
Doxycycline (1st line)
Ceftriaxone (better for neuro Sx)
What is the causative microorganism of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
What is the treatment for syphilis infection?
Penicillin G
What are the stages of syphilis and what is the characteristic finding in each stage?
Primary syphilis - PAINLESS chancre
Secondary syphilis - systemic constitutional symptoms, maculopapular RASH (palms and soles too)
Tertiary syphilis - GUMMAS, aortitis, neurosyphilis, Argyll Robertson pupil
What is the most specific test to detect syphilis infection?
fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS)
What is a non-specific test to detect syphilis infection? What other diseases or conditions will give a positive result with this test?
VDRL/RPR - tests for beef cardiolipin
VDRL Viruses (mono, hepatitis) Drugs Rheumatic fever Lupus and Leprosy
What are signs of congenital syphilis?
saber shins saddle nose CN VIII deafness Hutchinson teeth mulberry molars
When does transmission of syphilis to the placenta occur?
typically after 1st trimester
What is the Jarish-Herxheimer reaction?
flu-like syndrome after antibiotics are started d/ t killed bacteria releasing pyrogens
What are symptoms of a Gardnerella vaginalis infection?
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
- gray vaginal discharge
- fishy smell*
- nonpainful (vs. vaginitis)
Clue cells are found in which infection?
Gardnerella vaginalis infection
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
metronidazole or clindamycin
What is the treatment for all Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illnesses (for the most part…)?
doxycycline
Where does Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever typically occur?
South Atlantic states (esp. North Carolina)
Rash starting at wrists and ankles –> spreading to trunk, severe HA, and red conjunctivae after a tick bite would indicate what infection?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Palms and soles rash is caused by which microorganisms?
Coxsackievirus A
RMSF
Secondary syphilis
Which rickettsial disease is endemic and which is epidemic?
endemic (fleas) - R. typhi
epidemic (louse) - R. prowazekii
What is the difference b/t the Rickettsii rash and the typhus rash?
Rickettsii - starts on wRist
Typhus - starts on the Trunk
What is the vector for Ehrlichiosis?
tick
What is a unique blood smear finding with Ehrlichiosis infection?
morulae (“berry-like” inclusion in the cytoplasm of monocytes)
What is the vector for Anaplasmosis?
tick
What is a unique blood smear finding with Anaplasmosis?
granulocytes with moralae in cytoplasm
How is Q fever transmitted?
tick feces and cattle placenta release spores that are inhaled as aerosols
How does Q fever present?
pneumonia
What microorganism causes Q fever?
Coxiella burnetii
What are the 2 forms of chlamydia and how do they contribute to infection?
- Elementary body - enters cell via endocytosis and is infectious
- Reticulate body - replicates in cell by fission
What complications are associated with Chlamydia infection?
Reactive arthritis (Reiter Syndrome)
Follicular conjunctivitis
Nongonococcal urethritis
PID
What stain is most useful to see Chlamydia?
Giemsa or fluorescent Ab-stained smear
What is the treatment for Chlamydia infection?
azithromycin (1st line) or doxycycline
Ceftriaxone - Azithromycin often used together b/c high rate of co-infection with N. gonorrhea
Chronic infection causing BLINDNESS d/t follicular conjunctivitis in Africa is associated with what types of chlamydia?
Types A, B, and C
Urethritis/PID, ectopic pregnancy, neonatal pneumonia, and neonatal conjunctivitis is associated with what types of chlamydia?
Types D - K
Small, painless ulcers on genitals –> swollen, painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate (“buboes”) is associated with what types of chlamydia?
This is a description of Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Types L1, L2 and L3
What is the MC causative organism in atypical “walking” pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
An infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae will result in a high titer of what protein?
high titer of cold agglutinins (IgM) –> agglutinate or lyse RBCs
What agar is mycoplasma pneumoniae grown on?
Eaton agar
What is the treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?
macrolide (1st line)
doxycycline
fluoroquinolone
*penicillin ineffective since Mycoplasma have no cell wall
