Clinical - Microbiology of GIT infections

Question 1

what protects the urinary tract from infection?

Answer 1

washing of urine - prevents obstructions
acidity of urine
lysozyme - hydrolysis of bacterial peptidoglycan

Question 2

what are the risk factors for UTI?

Answer 2

females (short urethra) 
uncircumsized males 
pregnancy 
elderly 
catheterization 
obstruction 
neurogenic bladder 
vesicoureteris reflux 
sexual activity 
uterine prolapse

Question 3

What are the methods of urine collection?

Answer 3

Mid stream
suprapubic
in/out catheter
bag urine

Question 4

what are the steps for midstream collection?

Answer 4

wash hands with soap
open towelettes
cleanse genital areas
remove container from packaging - dont touch inside
begin urination into toilet, as you continue bring the container into stream and fill halfway
remove cap - dont touch the inside of it
screw cap on