8.3 Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 1

What are the complications of sodium retention?

Answer 1

Volume expansion
Peripheral oedema
Hypertension

Question 2

Treatment targets in hypertension

Answer 2

60

<140/90 for everyone else

Question 3

What are the complications of potassium retention?

Answer 3

Hyperkalemia
Depolarises cell membranes
Bradycardia, conduction delays, cardiac arrest
skeletal muscle weakness

Question 4

What drugs cause potassium retention

Answer 4

ACE inhibitors 
Angiotension blockers 
Beta blockers 
Spironolactone 
Fibre supplements

Question 5

Complications of phosphate retnetion

Answer 5

Secondary hyperparathyroidism and vascular calcification

Question 6

Complications of calcium absorption

Answer 6

Seizure and secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 7

Treatment of high phosphate

Answer 7

Diet
Phosphate binders
Vitamin D minimization
Correct hyperparathyroidism

Question 8

Treatment of acidosis

Answer 8

Reduce animal protein
consider calcium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate

Question 9

What is the treatment of hypertension in CKD?

Answer 9

Any anti hypertensive but salt restriction and diuretics