Clinical Measuring and Monitoring

Question 1

What can clear vomit be a sign of?

Answer 1

• food poisoning
• migrane
• morning sickness
• head injury

Question 2

what can green/yellow vomit be a sign of?

Answer 2

• bile
• bowel obstruction
• stomach flu
• influenza

Question 3

what can white/foam appearance vomit be a sign of?

Answer 3

• acid reflux
• gastritis

Question 4

what can orange vomit be a sign of?

Answer 4

• appendicitis
• medication
• chemotherapy
• food poisoning

Question 5

What does haematemisis mean?

Answer 5

presence of blood in vomit

Question 6

what does bright red blood in vomit mean?

Answer 6

active bleeding

Question 7

what does brown/black blood in vomit mean?

Answer 7

upper GI bleeding that has slowed or stopped

Question 8

what are the causes of haematemesis?

Answer 8

• blood swallowed
• upper GI bleeds (stomach, ulcer)
• liver failure
• poisoning
• stomach/pancreatic cancer

Question 9

what is important when an individual is vomiting?

Answer 9

• mouth care
• privacy and dignity
• fluid balance
• environment
• diet and nutrition

Question 10

white sputum is a sign of what?

Answer 10

allergies, asthma or viral infection

Question 11

yellow/green sputum is a sign of what?

Answer 11

infection

Question 12

Bright red sputum is a sign of what?

Answer 12

infection, cancer

Question 13

charcoal/grey sputum is a sign of what?

Answer 13

environmental, coal mines/factories etc

Question 14

brown sputum is a sign of what?

Answer 14

chronic lung disease, cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis

Question 15

What is the other option to measure BMI if an individual cannot stand?

Answer 15

ulna length or knee height

Question 16

what type of scales can be used?

Answer 16

• standing scales
• chair scales
• wheelchair scales
• hoist scales
• bed scales

Question 17

what does BMI stand for?

Answer 17

body mass index

Question 18

what is BMI?

Answer 18

body mass based on weight and height

Question 19

what is the healthy BMI for an individual?

Answer 19

18.5-24.9 (kg/m2)

Question 20

what types of individuals need their blood glucose measured?

Answer 20

• diabetes
• anyone acutely unwell
• emergency where consciousness is affected by low blood glucose

Question 21

what is the normal blood glucose target?

Answer 21

• fasting 5-7 mmol/litre
• before meals 4-7 mmol/litre

Question 22

what is the term known for high blood sugar?

Answer 22

hyperglycemia

Question 23

what is the term known for low blood sugar?

Answer 23

hypoglycemia

Question 24

how would you treat hypoglycemia?

Answer 24

• injecting glucagon
• monitored closely
• after stable eat starchy foods
• if mild, can get orange juice, jelly babies etc