Clinical Measuring and Monitoring Flashcards
What can clear vomit be a sign of?
- food poisoning
- migrane
- morning sickness
- head injury
what can green/yellow vomit be a sign of?
- bile
- bowel obstruction
- stomach flu
- influenza
what can white/foam appearance vomit be a sign of?
- acid reflux
- gastritis
what can orange vomit be a sign of?
- appendicitis
- medication
- chemotherapy
- food poisoning
What does haematemisis mean?
presence of blood in vomit
what does bright red blood in vomit mean?
active bleeding
what does brown/black blood in vomit mean?
upper GI bleeding that has slowed or stopped
what are the causes of haematemesis?
- blood swallowed
- upper GI bleeds (stomach, ulcer)
- liver failure
- poisoning
- stomach/pancreatic cancer
what is important when an individual is vomiting?
- mouth care
- privacy and dignity
- fluid balance
- environment
- diet and nutrition
white sputum is a sign of what?
allergies, asthma or viral infection
yellow/green sputum is a sign of what?
infection
Bright red sputum is a sign of what?
infection, cancer
charcoal/grey sputum is a sign of what?
environmental, coal mines/factories etc
brown sputum is a sign of what?
chronic lung disease, cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis
What is the other option to measure BMI if an individual cannot stand?
ulna length or knee height
what type of scales can be used?
- standing scales
- chair scales
- wheelchair scales
- hoist scales
- bed scales
what does BMI stand for?
body mass index
what is BMI?
body mass based on weight and height
what is the healthy BMI for an individual?
18.5-24.9 (kg/m2)
what types of individuals need their blood glucose measured?
- diabetes
- anyone acutely unwell
- emergency where consciousness is affected by low blood glucose
what is the normal blood glucose target?
- fasting 5-7 mmol/litre
- before meals 4-7 mmol/litre
what is the term known for high blood sugar?
hyperglycemia
what is the term known for low blood sugar?
hypoglycemia
how would you treat hypoglycemia?
- injecting glucagon
- monitored closely
- after stable eat starchy foods
- if mild, can get orange juice, jelly babies etc
