Clinical features of lung cancer and staging Flashcards
1
Q
State the risk factors of lung cancer
A
- smoking
- passie smoking
- exposure to asbestos, radon, air pollution + diesel exhaust.
2
Q
State the clinical features of lung cancer
A
- chronic cough ( blood)
- wheezing
- chest + bone pain
- chest infections
- difficulty swallowing
- shortness of breath
- unexplaoined weight loss
- clubbing
3
Q
State metastatic disease symtoms of lung cancer
A
Bone pain • Spinal cord compression – Limb weakness – Paraesthesia – Bladder/bowel dysfunction related – Bladder/bowel dysfunction • Cerebral metastases – Headache – Vomiting – Dizziness – Ataxia – Focal weakness • Thrombosis
4
Q
Stateparaneoplastic disease symptoms of lung cancer
A
Hyponatraemia – SIADH • Anaemia • Hypercalcaemia – Parathyroid hormone related
– Parathyroid hormone related protein – Bone metastases • Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis – Proximal muscle weakness • Eaton-Lambert Syndrome – Upper limb weakness • Cerebellar ataxia • Sensorimotor neuropathy
5
Q
State clinical signs of lung cancer
A
- clubbing
- chest signs
- lymphadenopathy
- horner’s syndrome
- pancoast tumour
- superior vena cava obstruction
- hepatomegaly
- skin nodules ( metastases)
6
Q
State the intial inestigations of lung cancer (GP)
A
- CXR
- FBC
- Renal, lier functions + Ca2+
- clotting screen
- spirometry
7
Q
State investigations - tissue diagnosis of lung cancer
A
Bronchoscopy • EBUS • Image guided lung biopsy • Image guided liver biopsy • FNA of neck node or skin metastasis • Excision of cerebral metastasis! • Bone biopsy • Mediastinoscopy/otomy • Surgical excision biopsy
8
Q
What is a EBUS bronchoscopy?
A
- bronchoscope used to view airways and check for any abnormalities
- not under sedation
- fie needle used to take sample of tissue + fluid sample of lungs surroundinglypmh nodes
9
Q
What is an image-guided biopsy?
A
- involves placement of biopsy needle through patient’s skin into an organ of interest using imaging for guidance.
- obtains tissue from patient
10
Q
Treatment - Surgery for lung cancer
A
- wedge resection
- lobectomy
- pneumonectomy
11
Q
Treatment - Rdiotherapy of lung cancer
A
- radical
- palliative
- sterotactic
12
Q
Treatment - Chemotherapy of lung cancer
A
- part of radical/palliative treatment
- alone, combined with radiotherapy, adjuvant ( after surgery)
- targeted agents ( tyrosine kinase inhibitors + monoclonal antibodies; erlotinib, getfitinib, crizotinib)
- small cell ( cisplatin/etopside)
- adenocarcinoma ( cisplatin/pemetrexed)
- squamous ( cisplatin/gemcitabine)
