Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Physiology > Clinical features of COPD > Flashcards

Clinical features of COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 conditions is COPD comprised of?

A

Emphysema + Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Chronic neutrophilic inflammation in the bronchi/bronchioles, causing mucus hypersecretion and bronchospasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Enlarged air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, leading to destruction of alveolar walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

COPD is a chronic, slowly progressive disorder characterised by

A

Airflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

COPD does not change markedly over

A

several months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In COPD, most of the lung function impairment is…

A

Fixed, however some reversibility can be produced by bronchodilator (or other) therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes the obstruction of the airways and what worsens it?

A

Obstruction of the airways occurs due to small-airway narrowing and can be worsened by inflammation and mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does this obstruction and inflammation lead to?

A

Breathlessness on exertion, coughing and wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What FEV1 value would you expect from someone with COPD?

A

Less that 80% [of normal ?]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What would the FEV1/FVC ratio be expected for a COPD case?

A

Less than 0.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Usually, can batients have COPD and asthma?

A

No, either one or the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is COPD reversible?

A

Not really, can have a small element of reversibility but mostly not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Usual age of COPD onset?

A

> 35 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What else can majorly contribute to COPD?

A

Active or passive smoking

Pollution related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“COPD is favoured by…” (what I think this means is COPD is shown by)

A

Chronic dyspnea

Sputum production

Miniminal diurnal or day to day FEV1 variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is chronic dyspnea

A

shortness of breath that lasts more than one month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is chronic bronchitis defined as CLINICALLY?

A

Sputum production on most days for 3 months of 2 consecutive years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do chronic bronchitis symptoms improve?

A

When patient stops smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are chronic bronchitis and emphysema indicative of COPD?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is asthma a cause of COPD?

A

No - increases likelihood of developing COPD but is not a cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Other than smoking, what are the common causes of COPD?

A

Maternal smoking
Air pollution
Occupational

22
Q

How does maternal smoking cause COPD?

A

Causes the baby to be born with small lungs and reduced lung function (Reduces FEV1 and increases respiratory illness) from the start of life, therefore more likely to develop COPD

23
Q

What is a rare cause of COPD?

A

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

24
Q

What is the function of alpha-1-antitrypsin?

A

Neutralises enzymes released by neutrophils

25
Q

In susceptible smokers with COPD, stopping smoking will not restore the lost FEV1 but it may

A

Revert the subsequent rate of loss to normal

26
Q

What procedure could help to prevent severe or fatal COPD if individuals with reduced lung function could stop smoking?

A

Screening smokers lung function in early middle age

27
Q

What is the progression of symptoms of COPD?

A

Symptoms are insidious and gradually worsen over years

28
Q

In diagnosing COPD, what features should be confirmed about breathlessness experienced by the patient?

A

Gradual onset and little variation of breathlessness

29
Q

In diagnosis COPD, what features of cough and sputum should be present?

A

Long history of ‘smokers cough

Clear or mucoid sputum

Cough persistant all day & all year

30
Q

A patient with COPD will typically produce a wheeze on…

A

Exertion

31
Q

What symptoms indicate severe COPD?

A

Weigh loss

Peripheral oedema

32
Q

What else can a peripheral oedema indicate?

A

Cor pulmonale and respiratory failure

33
Q

In smokers, what information is important to acquire when making a diagnosis?

A

Cigarettes smoked per day, pack years

34
Q

What childhood condition increases the likelihood of developing COPD?

A

Asthma

35
Q

What other past medical conditions make it likely to get COPD?

A

Respiratory diseases

Ischaemic heart disease

36
Q

What should you look out for in the history when making a diagnosis?

A

Drugs - list of inhalers, doses
Previous meds and effects on breathing - steriods

Personal and social - occupation, smoking histor and age stared/stopped, cigs per day and pack years

37
Q

What muscles might be being used that is a sign of COPD?

A

Accessory muscles

38
Q

What symptom is a sign of CO2 retention and may also be a sign of COPD?

A

Flapping tremor

39
Q

What are some other signs of COPD?

A

Breathlessness upon walking into clinic

Cyanosis

Effects of steroids on skin - bruising

40
Q

What symptoms would a patient with moderate COPD have?

A

Cough - SOBOE moderate exertion - FEV1 50-79%

41
Q

What test method would be used to demonstrate fixed airflow obstruction when investigating possible COPD?

A

Spirometry

42
Q

What is the point in investigating full pulmonary function testing?

A

Looks for emphysema

43
Q

If it is COPD, will bronchodilators and oral cortisteroids have a massive impact?

A

No, hence why we test it to see if its asthma or COPD

44
Q

Does testing bronchodilators and steroids rule out not having any symptomatic benefit from these drugs in the long run?

A

No

45
Q

What treatment when taken long term can improve COPD symptoms?

A

Long term bronchodilator Steroid inhalation

46
Q

What might show up on a chest radiograph which could be useful in diagnosing COPD?

A

Hyperinflated lung fields Flattened diaphragms
Lucent lung fields
Bullae

47
Q

What investigatory test would show patients who were chronically hypoxic?

A

Full blood count

48
Q

Acute exacerbation of COPD are usually precipitated by…

A

Viral/bacterial infections

49
Q

What else can cause acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Sedative drugs
Pneumothorax
Trauma

50
Q

Acute exacerbation of COPD will increase what symptoms?

A 
Cough
Sputum production
Sputum purulence
Short of breath
Wheeze
Oedema
Confusion
Drowsiness
Unable to sleep

Respiratory Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions