clinical drug therapy Flashcards
the human nervous system consists of the cCNS and PNS, where does the autonomic nervous system fit in here?
within the PNS
within the PNS there are two systems- what are these and what do they mean?
autonomic nervous system (involuntary) and somatic nervous system (voluntary)
what neurotransmitters are associated with the ANS?
adrenergic with the sympathetic nervous system and cholinergic with the parasympathetic nervous system
so neurotransmitters norepi and acetylcholine
what are the 4 classes of drugs within the ANS?
adrenergic, anti-adrenergic, cholinergics, and anticholinergics
system is turned on or off with adrenergics? what kinds of drugs are used here?
turn ON sympathetic nervous system. use beta or alpha agonists
what nervous system is turned off using anti-cholinergics? what drugs are used here? way to remember it (wet or dry)
parasympathetic nervous system.
anticholinergics, muscarinic blockers.
dries everything up
what system is turned on or off when using beta or alpha blockers? what kinds of drugs are these?
sympathetic nervous system is turned off. anti-adrenergic
when you turn on the PSNS what kinds of drugs are used here? how to remember (dry or wet?)
- Turn on Para-Sympathetic Nervous System (Cholinergics)
Muscarinics
“Makes everything wetter”
Is the following statement True or False?
The two main components of the CNS are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The two main components of the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous systems.
what are the two main componenets of the nervous system?
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system
what are the two components of ther PNS?
afferent (signals from body to CNS) and efferent (from CNS to body)
which portion of PNS has to do with somatic and autonomic
?
efferent ?? assuming from slide
what are the protective mechanisms desiigned to help one cope with or get away from stress?
flight or fight
what is SNS stimulated by?
physical or emotional stress
intensity and duration of reponse of SNS depends on what
amounts of neurotransmitters present
what are the specific body responses of SNS?
Increased arterial BP and cardiac output
Increased blood flow to brain, heart, skeletal muscles
Decreased blood flow to viscera, skin, other organs not needed for fight-or-flight response
Increased blood sugar
Increased mental activity and ability to think clearly
Increased muscle strength
Increased rate of blood coagulation
Increased rate and depth of respiration
Increased sweating
functions of the PSNS are often described as what? what does this include?
resting, reparative, or vegetative
Include digestion, excretion, cardiac deceleration, near vision
approx 75% of all PSNS nerve fibers are where?
vagus nerve
what are the specific body responses of PSNS?
Dilation of skin’s blood vessels
Decreased heart rate, possibly bradycardia
Constriction of bronchi smooth muscle
Contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle
Contraction of skeletal muscle
what are the meds called that turn on the sympaethic nervous system? example? **
Sympathomimetic
Adrenergic
Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists
Example: epinephrine
what are the meds that affect the body as blocking or opposing the SNS (turn off) called? examples?
Sympatholytic
Antiadrenergic
Alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs
Example: clonidine, propranolol
what are some meds that stimulate the PSNS? what are they called
Parasympathomimetic
Cholinomimetic
Cholinergic
Example: neostigmine
what are some meds that block PSNS called? example?
Parasympatholytic
Anticholinergic
Cholinergic blocking
Example: atropine
