clinical drug therapy

Question 1

the human nervous system consists of the cCNS and PNS, where does the autonomic nervous system fit in here?

Answer 1

within the PNS

Question 2

within the PNS there are two systems- what are these and what do they mean?

Answer 2

autonomic nervous system (involuntary) and somatic nervous system (voluntary)

Question 3

what neurotransmitters are associated with the ANS?

Answer 3

adrenergic with the sympathetic nervous system and cholinergic with the parasympathetic nervous system

so neurotransmitters norepi and acetylcholine

Question 4

what are the 4 classes of drugs within the ANS?

Answer 4

adrenergic, anti-adrenergic, cholinergics, and anticholinergics

Question 5

system is turned on or off with adrenergics? what kinds of drugs are used here?

Answer 5

turn ON sympathetic nervous system. use beta or alpha agonists

Question 6

what nervous system is turned off using anti-cholinergics? what drugs are used here? way to remember it (wet or dry)

Answer 6

parasympathetic nervous system.

anticholinergics, muscarinic blockers.
dries everything up

Question 7

what system is turned on or off when using beta or alpha blockers? what kinds of drugs are these?

Answer 7

sympathetic nervous system is turned off. anti-adrenergic

Question 8

when you turn on the PSNS what kinds of drugs are used here? how to remember (dry or wet?)

Answer 8

3. Turn on Para-Sympathetic Nervous System (Cholinergics)
   Muscarinics
   “Makes everything wetter”

Question 9

Is the following statement True or False?

The two main components of the CNS are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Answer 9

The two main components of the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Question 10

what are the two main componenets of the nervous system?

Answer 10

central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system

Question 11

what are the two components of ther PNS?

Answer 11

afferent (signals from body to CNS) and efferent (from CNS to body)

Question 12

which portion of PNS has to do with somatic and autonomic

?

Answer 12

efferent ?? assuming from slide

Question 13

what are the protective mechanisms desiigned to help one cope with or get away from stress?

Answer 13

flight or fight

Question 14

what is SNS stimulated by?

Answer 14

physical or emotional stress

Question 15

intensity and duration of reponse of SNS depends on what

Answer 15

amounts of neurotransmitters present

Question 16

what are the specific body responses of SNS?

Answer 16

Increased arterial BP and cardiac output
Increased blood flow to brain, heart, skeletal muscles
Decreased blood flow to viscera, skin, other organs not needed for fight-or-flight response
Increased blood sugar
Increased mental activity and ability to think clearly
Increased muscle strength
Increased rate of blood coagulation
Increased rate and depth of respiration
Increased sweating

Question 17

functions of the PSNS are often described as what? what does this include?

Answer 17

resting, reparative, or vegetative

Include digestion, excretion, cardiac deceleration, near vision

Question 18

approx 75% of all PSNS nerve fibers are where?

Answer 18

vagus nerve

Question 19

what are the specific body responses of PSNS?

Answer 19

Dilation of skin’s blood vessels
Decreased heart rate, possibly bradycardia
Constriction of bronchi smooth muscle
Contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle
Contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 20

what are the meds called that turn on the sympaethic nervous system? example? **

Answer 20

Sympathomimetic
Adrenergic
Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists
Example: epinephrine

Question 21

what are the meds that affect the body as blocking or opposing the SNS (turn off) called? examples?

Answer 21

Sympatholytic
Antiadrenergic
Alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs
Example: clonidine, propranolol

Question 22

what are some meds that stimulate the PSNS? what are they called

Answer 22

Parasympathomimetic
Cholinomimetic
Cholinergic
Example: neostigmine

Question 23

what are some meds that block PSNS called? example?

Answer 23

Parasympatholytic
Anticholinergic
Cholinergic blocking
Example: atropine