anti-adrenergics Flashcards
indications for use of antiadrenergics?
to decrease or block the effects of SNS stimulation. Suppress pathological stimulation, and retain a physiological response to stress.
what are the classifications of anti-adrenergics and what do they do
Alpha2 –adrenergic agonists- produce negative feedback to decrease release of norepinephrine
Alpha1 –adrenergic blocking drugs- occupy receptor sites
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs- occupy receptor sites
what are alpha 1 blockers used for
Hypertension, BPH, vasoplastic disorders, persistant pulmonary hypertension in neonates
what do non selecive alpha blockers treat?
Adjunctive treatment of pheochromocytoma
Pre/post surgery in conjunction with beta blockers
Vascular diseases characterized by vasospasm
Prevent tissue necrosis from potent vasoconstrictors
what kind of drug is propranolol (inderal) what does it do?
***beta-adrenergic blocking drug
Decrease myocardial contractility, cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure
Reduce intraocular pressure
Other uses: migraine prophylaxis, stage fright, hyperthyroidism symptoms, esophageal varices
what are some examples of alpha agonists?
clonidide (catapres), guanabenz(wystensin), guanfacine (tenex), methyldopa (aldomet)
how do you take clonidine
oral- quick acting, transdermal- long acting
is guanabenz fast or short acting?
fast
how often do you take guanfacine ? long or short half life?
OD, long
absorption of methyldopa? what might it cause?
low to moderate absorption
may cause hemolytic anemia and hepatotoxicity
what are some examples of alpha 1 antagonists?
prazosin (minipress) prototype, tamsulosin (flomax), alfuzosin (uroxatral), tolazoline (priscoline)
what do you use tamsulosin for? what is the newest drug for this?
BPH. alfuzosin
is prazosin high or low protein bound? what drugs have longer half lives and duration?
high. Doxazosin (Cardura) and terazosin (Hytrin) have longer half-lives and duration of action
what is tolazolione used for?
vasospastic disorders
persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates
what are some nonselective alpha blockers? (long and short acting)
phenoxybenzamine (dibenzyline) long acting
phentolamine (regitine) short acting
what are beta blockers used for?
**hypertension, anti-anginal, prevention of MI or re-infarction, glaucoma, heart failure (select clients)- carvedilol (coreg)
what are some non selective beta blockers? what do they do?
Carteolol, levobunolol, metipranolol, penbutolol, nadolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, and timolol.
Block both beta1 and beta2 receptors
adverse effects for nonselective beta blockers?
Adverse effects: bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasoconstriction, interference with glycogenolysis
what are some cardioselective agents (beta1 selective blocker)
when would you use these? ***
acebutolol, atenolol betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol.
**preferred usage in clients with diabetes, PVD, and asthma
Labetalol and carvedilol block alpha1, beta1 and beta2 to contribute to what?
**antihypertensive effects
what can labetolol and carvedilol possibly cause?
may cause less bradycardia but more postural hypotension ***
may cause less reflex tachy
What family of drugs has as an adverse effect interference of glycogenolysis?
a. Alpha1 agonists b. Nonselective Beta blockers c. Alpha2 blockers d. Selective Beta1 blockers
. Nonselective Beta blockers
Rationale: Nonseledctive beta blocker adverse effects: bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasoconstriction, interference with glycogenolysis
