clinical conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

fertilized egg implants and out grows outside of the uterus

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2
Q

What are signs of an ectopic pregnancy?

A

lateral pelvic pain, bowel changes, blood, and discharge

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3
Q

what is an herniated disk?

A

when a disk ruptures or is forced out through a weakened area of the spine and COMPRESSES a spinal nerve

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4
Q

what are signs of a herniated disk?

A

spine pain
extremity pain
muscle weakness
sensory changes

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5
Q

what is spinal stenosis? and what are the two types?

A

narrowing of the spine

central and lateral canal

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5
Q

what is a laminectomy?

A

remove part of a lamina to relieve pressure

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6
Q

Name the three fracture of the pars interarticularis.

A

Spondylosis: degeneration (wear + tear)

Spondylolysis: a fracture without separation

Spondylolisthesis: a fracture with separation

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7
Q

what is spine bifida?

A

two ends of the vertebral column do not fully close during development resulting in an open vertebral column

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8
Q

what is spine bifida occulta?

A

patient is asymptomatic, often hidden, and tuft of hair

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9
Q

where does spine bifida occult occur?

A

L5 or S1

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10
Q

what is meningocele?

A

where there is a protruding pouch of the meninges in the back filled with CSF

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11
Q

what is myelomeningocele?

A

where the protruding pouch of the meninges is filled with both CSF and parts of the spinal cord

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12
Q

what is suboccipital neuralgia?

A

causes nerve pain and and recurring headaches in the suboccipital region

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13
Q

what are some health implications of suboccipital neuralgia?

A

degenerative joint disease (DJD)
headaches

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14
Q

what are ways to relieve suboccipital neuralgia?

A

botox (relaxes)
manual therapy

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15
Q

you are treating a 34 year old female patient who recently had an anterior cervical discectomy fusion from C3-C6. Which anatomical structures will be affected?

A

trachea, larynx, long thoracic nerve, hyoid, thyroid cartilage, etc.

16
Q

what is torticollis?

A

fibrous tissue tumor
spasm of the SCM
head side bent with contralateral rotation

17
Q

how do you treat torticollis?

A

surgical release
PT

18
Q

what are the three types of scoliosis?

A
  1. Congenital scoliosis
  2. Idiopathic
  3. Neuromuscular scoliosis
    a) spinal bifida
    b) muscular dystrophy
    c) cerebral palsy
19
Q

How do deep anterior muscles get injured at the OA joint?

A

whiplash

20
Q

what procedure will fix whiplash?

A

ACDF (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion)

removing a herniated disk and fusing the adjacent vertebrae together

21
Q

what are shingles?

A

affects the dermatomes (sensory)
affects people who priorly had chickenpox

22
Q

you are treating a 51 year old college professor who recently had gallbladder removal open surgery.

Which region of the abdomen is this organ?

From the open surgery, the muscles anterior to the gallbladder had to be cut. Which muscles are those and what are the functional consequences of having them cut?

A
  1. epigastric
  2. rectus abdominous
  3. crunching, bending forward
23
Q

what is the affects of a tight pectoralis minor?

A

chronic tightness can lead to anterior tipping of the scapula

pseudo inferior angle winging

24
Q

what level does lumbar spinal puncture happen?

A

L3 and below

25
Q

What is CN XI lesion - palsy?

A

the spinal accessory nerve is cut and traps + SCM will lose ability to work

26
Q

which muscles are responsible for lower back pain?

A

multifidus
transverse abdominus muscle