clinical conditions

Question 1

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 1

fertilized egg implants and out grows outside of the uterus

Question 2

What are signs of an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 2

lateral pelvic pain, bowel changes, blood, and discharge

Question 3

what is an herniated disk?

Answer 3

when a disk ruptures or is forced out through a weakened area of the spine and COMPRESSES a spinal nerve

Question 4

what are signs of a herniated disk?

Answer 4

spine pain
extremity pain
muscle weakness
sensory changes

Question 5

what is spinal stenosis? and what are the two types?

Answer 5

narrowing of the spine

central and lateral canal

Question 5

what is a laminectomy?

Answer 5

remove part of a lamina to relieve pressure

Question 6

Name the three fracture of the pars interarticularis.

Answer 6

Spondylosis: degeneration (wear + tear)

Spondylolysis: a fracture without separation

Spondylolisthesis: a fracture with separation

Question 7

what is spine bifida?

Answer 7

two ends of the vertebral column do not fully close during development resulting in an open vertebral column

Question 8

what is spine bifida occulta?

Answer 8

patient is asymptomatic, often hidden, and tuft of hair

Question 9

where does spine bifida occult occur?

Answer 9

L5 or S1

Question 10

what is meningocele?

Answer 10

where there is a protruding pouch of the meninges in the back filled with CSF

Question 11

what is myelomeningocele?

Answer 11

where the protruding pouch of the meninges is filled with both CSF and parts of the spinal cord

Question 12

what is suboccipital neuralgia?

Answer 12

causes nerve pain and and recurring headaches in the suboccipital region

Question 13

what are some health implications of suboccipital neuralgia?

Answer 13

degenerative joint disease (DJD)
headaches

Question 14

what are ways to relieve suboccipital neuralgia?

Answer 14

botox (relaxes)
manual therapy

Question 15

you are treating a 34 year old female patient who recently had an anterior cervical discectomy fusion from C3-C6. Which anatomical structures will be affected?

Answer 15

trachea, larynx, long thoracic nerve, hyoid, thyroid cartilage, etc.

Question 16

what is torticollis?

Answer 16

fibrous tissue tumor
spasm of the SCM
head side bent with contralateral rotation

Question 17

how do you treat torticollis?

Answer 17

surgical release
PT

Question 18

what are the three types of scoliosis?

Answer 18

1. Congenital scoliosis
2. Idiopathic
3. Neuromuscular scoliosis
   a) spinal bifida
   b) muscular dystrophy
   c) cerebral palsy

Question 19

How do deep anterior muscles get injured at the OA joint?

Answer 19

whiplash

Question 20

what procedure will fix whiplash?

Answer 20

ACDF (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion)

removing a herniated disk and fusing the adjacent vertebrae together

Question 21

what are shingles?

Answer 21

affects the dermatomes (sensory)
affects people who priorly had chickenpox

Question 22

you are treating a 51 year old college professor who recently had gallbladder removal open surgery.

Which region of the abdomen is this organ?

From the open surgery, the muscles anterior to the gallbladder had to be cut. Which muscles are those and what are the functional consequences of having them cut?

Answer 22

1. epigastric
2. rectus abdominous
3. crunching, bending forward

Question 23

what is the affects of a tight pectoralis minor?

Answer 23

chronic tightness can lead to anterior tipping of the scapula

pseudo inferior angle winging

Question 24

what level does lumbar spinal puncture happen?

Answer 24

L3 and below

Question 25

What is CN XI lesion - palsy?

Answer 25

the spinal accessory nerve is cut and traps + SCM will lose ability to work

Question 26

which muscles are responsible for lower back pain?

Answer 26

multifidus
transverse abdominus muscle