Clinical Chemistry Flashcards
Abrupt change in the mean
Shift
6 values continue to increase/decrease
Trend
Vertical line (y-axis)
Dependent variable
Major apolipoprotein of chylomicrons
Apo B48
Transferin, hemopexin, complement
Beta globulins
UV region
<400 nm
Most concentrated NPN
Urea
Enzyme category of 5’-nucleotidase
Hydrolase
CK-MB will begin to rise after
4-6 hours
Metal with high affinity to keratin
Arsenic
Determine difference between SD of 2 groups of data
F-test
Treatment for various seizure disorders
Carbamazepine
Emphysema causes what acid-base disorder
Respiratory acidosis
Used for measuring pH and pCO2
Potentiometry
Effect of increased glucose to sodium
Decreased sodium
Conversion factor of BUN to UREA
2.14
Increased growth hormone in children
Gigantism
Blood alcohol level of 0.35-0.50%
Coma and possible death
Reverse metabolism for LDH
Wrobleuski La Due
Substrate in Bowers and McComb (ALP)
p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNPP)
Vertical position when not in use
Horizontal centrifuge
Lipoprotein with the least density
Chylomicrons
Beta-gamma bridging
Liver cirrhosis
% Blood alcohol: Impaired consciousness
0.27-0.40
BMI of underweight
<18.5 kg/m^2
Enzyme classification of G6PD
Oxidoreductase
Depends on substrate concentration
First order kinetics
Phosphomolybdate reagent
Folin-Wu
Uses common reaction vessel
Continuous flow analyzer
Middle or midpoint value
Median
10% bleach inactivates HBV in
10 minutes
Copper-binding glycoprotein
Ceruloplasmin
Odor of bitter almonds
Cyanide poisoning
Confirmatory test for acromegaly
Glucose-suppression - OGTT (75g)
Sample used in external QC
Blind sample
Very FAR from a set of control values
Outlier
Methylenedioxymethampethamine
Ecstasy
Common specimen used for POCT
Capillary blood
CTAD anticoagulant is used for
Coagulation studies
Part of “glucose tolerance factor”
Chromium
8 values on one side of the mean
8x
Enzyme classification of aldolase
Lyase
Most heat-labile isoenzyme
Bone
Ideal fasting time for lipid studies
12 hours
Highest CK activity is seen in
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
Non protein molecule for enzyme activity
Cofactor
E + S = ES = E + P
Enzyme catalytic reaction
Enzyme increased in chronic alcoholism
GGT
Hypernatremia when serum Na is
> 145 mmol/L
Electrode used for potassium (K)
Valinomycin-based electrode
Generally used reagent water type
Type 2
Conversion factor for cholesterol
0.026
BMI of overweight individuals
25 - 29.9
3 step method for cholesterol determination
Abell-Kendal
Relative concentration of a solution
Dilution
Known as the “master gland”
Pituitary gland
Enzyme used for rape investigation
ACP
Cause of relative hyperproteinemia
Dehydration
Kernicterus is accumulation of bilirubin in the
Brain tissues
Compare previous specimen from recent result
Delta check
Most common cause of hyperkalemia
Impaired renal excretion
Reverse method for CK
Oliver-Rosalki
Zona glomerulosa produces
Mineralocorticoids (e.g. Aldosterone)
Vitamin C deficiency leads to
Scurvy
Critical level for hyperkalemia
> 6.5 mEq/L
Most potent androgen
Testosterone/dihydrotestosterone
Marked hyperkalemia may lead to
Cardiac arrest
Odor of garlic breath toxicity
Arsenic toxicity
Reference method for measurement of urea
IDMS
Increased cortisol, increased ACTH
Cushing’s disease
Electrolytes for neuromuscular excitability
K, Ca, Mg
Theophylline and theobromine are
Bronchodilators
Panic value for high bicarbonate
> 40 mEq/L
Screening test for acromegaly
Somatomedin-C
Jaundice is evident when bilirubin is
> 2 mg/dL
Non-destructive technique for lipoprotein particles deficiency
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometry (NMRS)
A/G ratio in multiple myeloma and cirrhosis
Low
Method for measurement of metanephrine and normetanephrine
Pisano method
Main cause of QC shift
Improper calibration of instrument
Legally intoxicated blood alcohol level
100 mg/dL or higher
It uses fluorophore-labeled thyroxine
FPIA (fluorescence polarization immunoassay)
Vitamin B3 deficiency may lead to
Pellagra
Effect of amino acids on GH secretion
Increased
Transportation of drug from administration site to blood
Adsorption
Effect of thrombocytosis on serum potassium
Increased
Electrolyte for myocardial rhythm and contraction
K, Ca, Mg
Effect of hypercalcemia on AG
Decreased
Electrolyte maintaining electroneutrality
Chloride
Enzyme classification of cholineesterase
Hydrolase
BUN and creatinine are significantly increased if GFR is
Decreased by at least 50%
Overzealous treatment of DM may lead to
Hypoglycemia
Lipoprotein found in obstructive jaundice, LCAT deficiency
Lipoprotein x
LFT for hepatocellular damage and necrosis
Serum AST levels (Widmann)
Unit prefix for 1 million (1x10^6)
Mega
Cause of hyperglycemia during pregnancy
Hormonal changes
Why is plasma not preferred for SPE
Due to pseudo beta-gamma bridging effect
Peak absorbance of uric acid happens at what wavelength
285 nm
Reflects lowest drug concentration in blood
Trough concentration
Temperature of analyzer (random/systematic)
Random error
Uses luminol and luminometer for T4
Chemiluminiscence
3M urea inhibits what ALP isoenzyme
Bone ALP
Most prominent benzodiazepine
Valium
Is pentazocine natural or synthetic
Synthetic
Numerator in H-H equation reflects
Kidney (bicarbonate reabsorption)
Alpha 1,4-glucosidase deficiency
Pompe disease
To establish DM symptoms, RBS should be
> 200 mg/dL
Conversion factor of ammonia
0.587
Major advantage of centrifugal analysis
Batch analysis
Borderline high for TAG
150-199 mg/dL
Marker for bone resorption
Cross-linked C telopeptide
10-fold increase in AMG is seen in
Nephrotic syndrome
Effect of salicylate poisoning on AG
Increased
1st responder to stress within seconds
Catecholamines
IC iron transporter: int surface to inside cell
DMT-1
Electrolyte, BUN, crea, osmolality done. Next?
Determine osmolal gap
