Clinical Approach to Neurodevelopmental and Attention Disorders (Cooley)

Question 1

Intellectual Disability will have adaptive functioning deficits in what three domains?

Answer 1

1) Conceptual
2) Social
3) Practical

Question 2

What deficits are noted with intellectual disability in the conceptual domain?

Answer 2

1) Reasoning
2) Planning
3) Learning
4) Problem solving

Question 3

How does intellectual disability present in preschoolers?

Answer 3

Language and pre-academic skills develop slowly

Question 4

How does intellectual disability present in school age children?

Answer 4

Progress in reading, writing, mathematics, concepts of time and money lags behind that of peers

Question 5

How does intellectual disability present in adults?

Answer 5

1) Academic skill typically at an elementary level

2) Support needed for work and personal life

Question 6

What deficits are noted with intellectual disability in the social domain?

Answer 6

1) Developing friendships
2) Recognizing social cues
3) Difficulty regulating emotion and behavior around others

Question 7

Due to the deficits noted with intellectual disability in the practical domain, what do they need help with?

Answer 7

Health care and legal decisions

Question 8

The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children® Fifth Edition (WISC®-V) are used as?

Answer 8

Diagnostic tools used for intellectual disability

Question 9

When diagnosing intellectual disability, severity is based on?

Answer 9

Adaptive functioning (not IQ scores)

Question 10

What is characterized by a child unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning even though they meet observational diagnostic criteria of Intellectual Disability Disorder?

Answer 10

Global developmental delay

Question 11

Global developmental delay occurs in what children?

Answer 11

1) Those too young to participate in standardized testing
2) Acquired insult during development period
3) Severe head injury

Question 12

When diagnosing communication disorders by assessing speech, language, and communication abilities what must you take into account?

Answer 12

The individual’s cultural and language context

Question 13

Language Disorder is a type of communication disorder that is characterized by?

Answer 13

Difficulty with spoken, written, and sign language expected for their age

Question 14

Speech Sound Disorder is a type of communication disorder that is characterized by?

Answer 14

Difficulty making speech sounds that are intelligible and limits verbal communication

Question 15

Speech Sound Disorder is not attributable to limited opportunity for?

Answer 15

Language acquisition

Question 16

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) is a type of communication disorder that is characterized by?

Answer 16

Difficulty with the fluency and patterns of speech sound

Question 17

Can Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder be attributable to a speech-motor or sensory deficit, neurological insult such as stroke, tumor, or trauma, or another mental disorder?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder is a type of communication disorder that is characterized by?

Answer 18

Difficulty with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication (such as speaking differently in a classroom than on a playground, talking differently to a child than to an adult, and avoiding overly formal language)

Question 19

What is the most common associated feature of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder?

Answer 19

The delay in reaching language milestones

Question 20

Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by? (long list)

Answer 20

1) Problems with social communication and social interactions
2) Problems with nonverbal cues used for social interaction
3) Problems with developing and maintaining relationships
4) Inflexible adherence to routines
5) Obsessive and intense fascination with unusual objects
6) Abnormal reaction to sensory input

Question 21

Autism spectrum disorder frequently co-occurs with what other disorder?

Answer 21

Intellectual disability

Question 22

To make comorbid diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, what should be below that expected for general developmental level?

Answer 22

Social communication

Question 23

Only risperidone and aripiprazole are currently FDA approved for what symptoms associated with Autism?

Answer 23

Irritability and agitation

Question 24

Which sex with ADHD present more commonly with the inattentive subtype?

Answer 24

Females

Question 25

What may contribute to referral bias causing under identification and lack of treatment for females with ADHD?

Answer 25

Females with ADHD show less disruptive behavior

Question 26

What can be exacerbated by stimulant medications used to treat ADHD?

Answer 26

Tic symptoms

Question 27

What deficits associated with ADHD cause problems in the ability to assess a situation, prioritizing what is relevant vs what isn’t, and developing and organizing a plan of action?

Answer 27

Executive function deficits

Question 28

Executive function deficit is an information processing dysfunction within what area of the brain?

Answer 28

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 29

Executive function deficit is primarily due to a deficiency of?

Answer 29

Dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 30

Which ADHD type is characterized by failure to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes, struggles to follow through on instructions, and has difficulty with organization?

Answer 30

Inattentive type of ADHD

Question 31

Which ADHD type is characterized by difficulty remaining seated, difficulty engaging in activities quietly, and blurts out answers before questions have been completed?

Answer 31

Hyperactive type of ADHD

Question 32

What is the first line of treatment for children ages 4-5 years of age recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) clinical practice guidelines for ADHD?

Answer 32

Behavior therapy

Question 33

What motor disorder is characterized by clumsiness in catching an object, handwriting, and participation in sports?

Answer 33

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Question 34

Can Developmental Coordination Disorder be attributable to a neuro condition such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or other degenerative disorder?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What motor disorder is characterized by repetitive, compulsive, and purposeless motor behavior such as hand shaking, body rocking, and hitting own body?

Answer 35

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Question 36

What must be present at the same time during the illness to be classified as Tourette syndrome?

Answer 36

Multiple motor tics and one or more phonic tics

Question 37

A Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal at the same time while the tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year is characteristic of?

Answer 37

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder