Alcohol, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse (Iszard)

Question 1

The signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person is termed?

Answer 1

Abstinence syndrome

Question 2

A drug deemed to have abuse liability is listed federally as a?

Answer 2

Controlled substance

Question 3

A state characterized by signs and symptoms, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered is termed?

Answer 3

Dependence

Question 4

A synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure but no major change in pharmacodynamic action is termed?

Answer 4

Designer drug

Question 5

A decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect is termed?

Answer 5

Tolerance

Question 6

An increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug is termed?

Answer 6

Sensitization

Question 7

What direction does the dose response curve shift to with tolerance?

With Sensitization?

Answer 7

1) Right

2) Left

Question 8

Adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is apparent is termed?

Answer 8

Withdrawal

Question 9

Withdrawal is the evidence of?

Answer 9

Physical dependence

Question 10

Which controlled substance schedule fall under the criteria of no medial use and high addition potential?

Which controlled substance schedule fall under the criteria of medical use and low abuse potential?

Answer 10

1) Schedule I

2) Schedule IV

Question 11

What painkillers are the most commonly abuse prescription drugs?

Answer 11

1) Fentanyl
2) Hydrocodone
3) Oxycodone

Question 12

What depressants are the most commonly abuse prescription drugs?

Answer 12

1) Alprazolam
2) Zolpidem
3) Zaleplon

Question 13

What stimulants are the most commonly abuse prescription drugs?

Answer 13

1) Adderall

2) Methylphenidate

Question 14

Amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine have what overdose effects?

Answer 14

1) Agitation
2) HTN
3) Tachycardia
4) Hallucinations
5) Seizure
6) Death

Question 15

Barbituates, benzodiazepine, and ethanol have what overdose effects?

Answer 15

Drunken behavior

Question 16

Barbituates, benzodiazepine, and ethanol have what withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 16

1) Anxiety
2) Insomnia
3) Tremors
4) Seizures
5) Death

Question 17

Heroin and other strong opioids have what overdose effects?

Answer 17

1) Sedation
2) Respiratory depression
3) Death

Question 18

What is most commonly used to improve mental alertness?

Answer 18

Caffeine

Question 19

Caffeine is used by mouth or rectally in combination with painkillers (such as aspirin and acetaminophen) and a chemical called ergotamine for treating?

Answer 19

Migraine headaches

Question 20

Caffeine is also used with painkillers for simple headaches and preventing and treating headaches after?

Answer 20

Epidural anesthesia

Question 21

How long does 1 ounce of alcohol take to metabolize?

How long does 6 one ounce whiskey shots take to metabolize?

This is due to?

Answer 21

1) 1 hour
2) 6 hours
3) Zero-order kinetics

Question 22

Ethanol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism by?

Answer 22

Gastric and liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

Question 23

The typical 70-kg adult can metabolize how many grams of alcohol per hour?

This is equivalent to approximately?

Answer 23

1) 7-10 grams

2) One standard drink

Question 24

Acute alcohol intoxication, diplopia, ptosis, and loss of muscle coordination are early signs of?

What is given to protect against this?

Answer 24

1) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

2) Thiamine

Question 25

What drug is approved for the treatment of alcohol and opiate dependence?

Answer 25

Naltrexone

Question 26

What is the MOA for Naltrexone?

Answer 26

µ opioid receptor antagonist

Question 27

What effect does naltrexone have?

Answer 27

Reduces the craving for alcohol and the rate of relapse

Question 28

Why must individuals physically dependent on alcohol and opioids must be opioid-free before initiating therapy with naltrexone?

Answer 28

Because naltrexone precipitates an acute withdrawal syndrome

Question 29

What is the MOA of Acamprosate?

Who is it indicated for?

What effect does this have?

Answer 29

1) NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA(A) agonist
2) Alcoholics
3) Reduces the desire to drink

Question 30

What drug irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcoholic drinks?

Answer 30

Disulfiram

Question 31

Disulfiram should not be administered with any medications that contain?

Answer 31

Alcohol (cough syrups, cold preparations, mouthwashes)