Alcohol, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse (Iszard) Flashcards
The signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person is termed?
Abstinence syndrome
A drug deemed to have abuse liability is listed federally as a?
Controlled substance
A state characterized by signs and symptoms, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered is termed?
Dependence
A synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure but no major change in pharmacodynamic action is termed?
Designer drug
A decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect is termed?
Tolerance
An increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug is termed?
Sensitization
What direction does the dose response curve shift to with tolerance?
With Sensitization?
1) Right
2) Left
Adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is apparent is termed?
Withdrawal
Withdrawal is the evidence of?
Physical dependence
Which controlled substance schedule fall under the criteria of no medial use and high addition potential?
Which controlled substance schedule fall under the criteria of medical use and low abuse potential?
1) Schedule I
2) Schedule IV
What painkillers are the most commonly abuse prescription drugs?
1) Fentanyl
2) Hydrocodone
3) Oxycodone
What depressants are the most commonly abuse prescription drugs?
1) Alprazolam
2) Zolpidem
3) Zaleplon
What stimulants are the most commonly abuse prescription drugs?
1) Adderall
2) Methylphenidate
Amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine have what overdose effects?
1) Agitation
2) HTN
3) Tachycardia
4) Hallucinations
5) Seizure
6) Death
Barbituates, benzodiazepine, and ethanol have what overdose effects?
Drunken behavior
Barbituates, benzodiazepine, and ethanol have what withdrawal symptoms?
1) Anxiety
2) Insomnia
3) Tremors
4) Seizures
5) Death
Heroin and other strong opioids have what overdose effects?
1) Sedation
2) Respiratory depression
3) Death
What is most commonly used to improve mental alertness?
Caffeine
Caffeine is used by mouth or rectally in combination with painkillers (such as aspirin and acetaminophen) and a chemical called ergotamine for treating?
Migraine headaches
Caffeine is also used with painkillers for simple headaches and preventing and treating headaches after?
Epidural anesthesia
How long does 1 ounce of alcohol take to metabolize?
How long does 6 one ounce whiskey shots take to metabolize?
This is due to?
1) 1 hour
2) 6 hours
3) Zero-order kinetics
Ethanol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism by?
Gastric and liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
The typical 70-kg adult can metabolize how many grams of alcohol per hour?
This is equivalent to approximately?
1) 7-10 grams
2) One standard drink
Acute alcohol intoxication, diplopia, ptosis, and loss of muscle coordination are early signs of?
What is given to protect against this?
1) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
2) Thiamine
What drug is approved for the treatment of alcohol and opiate dependence?
Naltrexone
What is the MOA for Naltrexone?
µ opioid receptor antagonist
What effect does naltrexone have?
Reduces the craving for alcohol and the rate of relapse
Why must individuals physically dependent on alcohol and opioids must be opioid-free before initiating therapy with naltrexone?
Because naltrexone precipitates an acute withdrawal syndrome
What is the MOA of Acamprosate?
Who is it indicated for?
What effect does this have?
1) NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA(A) agonist
2) Alcoholics
3) Reduces the desire to drink
What drug irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcoholic drinks?
Disulfiram
Disulfiram should not be administered with any medications that contain?
Alcohol (cough syrups, cold preparations, mouthwashes)
