Clinical applications of biomechanics Flashcards
Define kinesiology and what it imcludes
The study of motion with a bio-psycho-social hat on
Includes: anatomy, physiology, mechanics, psychology and anthropology
What 3 elements affect the internal control of movement and describe how they each affect it.
- Active control = muscle contraction produces a force to initiate movement
- Neural element = Brain sends a signal down to the muscles, causing them to contract.
- Passive control = ROM, muscle length, tendons, ligaments
What 3 factors affect movement
- Task
- Individual
- Environment
Define ergonomics
The study of peoples efficency in their working environment.
Why must you fit the task to the person
Minimise stress and strain
Minimises injury or overuse risk
Give some principles of ergonomics
Mental state
Reduce the load
Keep everything in reach
Move regularly
Define anthropometry and give some examples
The systematic measurement of the physical properties of the human body. They are elements of the individual that are not easily changed.
E.g height, arm length, circumferences
Define lordosis
excessive inward curvature of the spine
Define kyphosis
excessive outward curvature of the spine
Describe lordotic posture
Inward curvature of the lumbar (lower back) and cervical (upper back) spine.
Caused by differences in the thickness between the front and back part of the discs in between the vertebrae
Describe sway back posture
Hyperlordosis
Hip joints forward of the posture line, flat low lumbar area
Vertebrae of the lumbar area are more curved, giving the sway back appearance
Describe kyphotic posture
Cervical spine extended, increase thoracic kyphosis, long weak neck flexors
Describe flat back posture
Loss of lordosis
Posterior tilt of pelvis, short and strong hamstrings and abdominals
