Clinical and Laboratory Assessment of Anaemia

Question 1

Define Anemia

Answer 1

Anaemia is a reduction in the Haemoglobin concentration belowe the normal range for that particular person. It is dependent of AGE, GEnder and Altitude

Question 2

Describe the Symptoms of Anaemia

Answer 2

Common:
1. Pallor
2. Fatigue and poor effort tolerance
3. Dyspnoae and Palpitations(sensation that the heart is racing)
4. Dizziness
5. Headaches
6. Irratability
7. Poor Concentration

Uncommon
1. GIT symptoms
2. Menstrual abnormalities in women and Potence in men.

Question 3

Discuss the physical findings in Anaemia

Answer 3

1. Pallor- not always a clear indication of Anaemia, Always check the mucous membranes rather skin.
2. Cardiovascular Features

a) Tachycardia
b) Wide pulse pressure
c) Hyperdynamic Precordium
d) Soft Systolic Ejection Murmurs.

3. Respiratory Features- Tachypnoea.

Question 4

What precaution must you take in patients with Chronic Anaemia?

Answer 4

Never give transfussion, unless its really really really necessary,

When you give transfussion, give it slowly and frequently and give Diuretic Furosemide (Lasix) which will prevent fluid overload.

Question 5

Describe the two causes of Anaemia

Answer 5

1. Decreased Effective Production of haemoglobin in the bone marrow
2. Destruction of Red Cells that have already left the bone marrow and entered the circulation.

Blood loss(Haemorrhage)