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Anatomy > clinical Anatomy of the ear > Flashcards

clinical Anatomy of the ear Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main function of each ear part? (3)

A

external ear: collects sound

middle ear: conducts sound vibration to the inner ear
inner ear: transforms the sound vibrations into nerve impulses which are interpreted in the cerebral cortex

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2
Q

mainly, the external ear consists of ….. and ……

A

auricle and external auditory meatus

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3
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply of the auricle? (4)

A
  • auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve
  • lesser occipital nerve (C2)
  • great auricular nerve (C2,C3)
  • auricular branch of vagus
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4
Q

the outer 1/3 and the inner 2/3 of the external auditory meatus consists of what? (elastic cartilage or bone)

A

outer 1/3 –> elastic cartilage

inner 2/3 –> bone

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5
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply of the external auditory meatus? (2)

A
  • auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve

- auricular branch of vagus

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6
Q

what is the innervation of the outer surface of the tympanic membrane? (2) (similar to the external auditory meatus)

A
  • auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve

- auricular branch of vagus

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7
Q

what are the directions which you would pull the patients ear for an otoscopic examination? (both for children and adults)

A

children: straight backward OR downward and backward
adults: upward and backward

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8
Q

the following nerves are supplying which parts of the external ear?
1 - auriculotemporal branch of mandibular nerve
2 - lesser occipital nerve (C2)
3 - great auricular nerve (C2,C3)
4 - auricular branch of vagus

A

1 - the anterior half of the external auditory meatus AND the facial surface of the upper part of the auricle

2- the cranial surface of the upper part of the auricle

3- both surface of the lower part of the auricle

4- the posterior half of the external auditory meatus

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9
Q

what is the vasovagal response?

A

if the ear canal is stimulated, the blood pressure will drop and the heart rate will be decreased

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10
Q

the posterior 1/3 and the anterior 2/3 of the auditory tube/pharyngotympanic tube consists of what? (cartilage or bone)

A

posterior 1/3 –> bone

anterior 2/3 –> cartilage

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11
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube?

A

equalisation of the air pressure in the tympanic cavity and the nasopharynx

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12
Q

what are the names of the auditory ossicles? (3)

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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13
Q

what are the muscles of the middle ear? (2) and what are their functions?

A
  • tensor tympani: dampens down vibrations of the tympanic membrane by pulling the handle of the malleus medially
  • stapedius: dampens down vibrations stapes by pulling the stapes posteriorly
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14
Q

the tympanic plexus that is supplying the membranous area of the middle ear, the mastoid area and the pharyngotympanic tube is formed by which nerves? (2) and what is protruding from it? (1)

A
  • caroticotympanic nerve from the internal carotid plexus
  • tympanic nerve from the glossopharyngeal nerve

the lesser petrosal nerve is protruding from the tympanic plexus, travels through the middle cranial fossa which then exit from it through the foramen ovale to enter the otic ganglion

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15
Q

mastoiditis could lead to …. (3)

A
  • meningitis
  • cerebral abscess
  • sigmoid sinus thrombosis
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16
Q

what are the structures in the inner ear that are composed from the bony labyrinth? (3)

A
  • cochlea
  • vestibule
  • semicircular canals
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17
Q

what are the structures in the inner ear that are composed from the membranes labyrinth? (4)

A
  • duct of the cochlea
  • semicircular ducts
  • utricle
  • saccule
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18
Q

what is the structure in the cochlea that has the sensory receptors for hearing?

A

organ of corti

19
Q

where the macula and crista ampularis are found? and what are their function?

A

macula: in utricle and saccule
detect changes in the direction and rate of movenent of the head

crista ampularis: in semicircular canal
detect static position of the head in space

20
Q

what is the only part of the auricle which is not supported by cartilage?

A

the lobule

21
Q

cerumen (earwax) is produced by which structure?

A

modified sweat glands

22
Q

what is the name of the thin bony layer which separates the roof of the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa?

A

tegmen tympani

23
Q

what are the other names of the inner ear walls?

A 
roof --> tegmental 
floor --> jugular
lateral --> membranous 
posterior --> mastoid 
anterior --> anterior 
medial --> labyrinthine
24
Q

the floor is thickened by the presence of which cells?

A

mastoid air cells

25
Q

what is the name of the nerve which passes through the middle ear floor/ jugular wall?

A

tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

26
Q

associated with the mastoid/ posterior wall are …. (2)

A
  • the pyramidal eminence which the tendon of stampedius enters the middle ear
  • entrance of corda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve
27
Q

associated with the anterior wall are …. (3)

A
  • opening to the pharyngotympanic tube
  • opening to tendon of tensor tympani
  • exit of the corda tympani nerve
28
Q

the promontory found on the labyrinthine/ medial wall is formed by what?

A

the basal coil of the cochlea

29
Q

what is laying on the promontory found on the labyrinthine/ medial wall?

A

tympanic plexus

30
Q

associated with thelabyrinthine/ medial wall are …. (4)

A
  • oval window
  • round window
  • prominence of the facial canal
  • prominence of the lateral semicircular canal
31
Q

what is the bony thin layer separating the mastoid antrum from the middle cranial fossa?

A

tegmen tympani

32
Q

why infections in the middle ear can easily spread to the mastoid air cells?

A

because the mucus membrane of the middle ear is continues with that of the mastoid air cells
which can result then in mastoiditis

33
Q

where is the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube is located in the nasopharynx?

A

just posterior to the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

34
Q

what is the largest auditory ossicle?

A

the malleus

35
Q

what is the name of the fluid that is filling the bony labyrinth components?

A

perilymph

36
Q

what is the name of the fluid that is filling the membranous labyrinth components?

A

endolymph

37
Q

the cranial nerve supplying the inner ear is the ……..

and it is reaching it through the …….

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

internal acoustic meatus

38
Q

the oval window is located in the lateral wall of the ……

A

vestibule

39
Q

the scala vestibuli and tympani are continuos with each other at the apex through a narrow slit that called …..

A

helicotrema

40
Q

the scala tympani is separated from the middle ear by which structure?

A

secondary tympanic membrane which covers the round window

41
Q

what is the name of the small channel which provides a connection between the perilymph containing cochlea and the subarachnoid space?

A

cochlear canaliculus

42
Q

the three semicircular ducts empty into the ….

A

utricle

43
Q

the cochlear duct empties into the ….

A

saccule

44
Q

the central bony core of the cochlea is the …..

A

modiolus

Anatomy (5 decks)

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