Clinical Anatomy of CV system Flashcards
Describe pulmonary circulation
from right side of heart to lungs to left side
Describe systemic circulation
from left side of heart to capillaries to right side
Where is the heart located?
in the thoracic cavity, deep to sternum, deep to costal cartilages between lungs in medial mediastinum
What is the mediastinum?
area that lies between lungs
How is the mediastinum split up?
superior and inferior. Inferior split into anterior middle and posterior
What is the pericardium?
sac surrounding heart
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
fibrous and serous
Which layer of the pericardium is the outer layer?
fibrous
What can a haemopericardium result in?
cardiac tamponade
Describe the serous pericardium
inner membrous layer
What is the visceral serous?
cover inner of the heart
What is the parietal serous?
lines fibrous pericardium - outer
What is the epicardium?
visceral serous pericardium
What is the myocardium?
muscle
What is the endocardium?
internal lining
What is the posterior surface of the heart called?
base
Where is the tricuspid valve?
between right atrium and ventricle
Where is the pulmonary valve?
pulmonary trunk
Where is aortic valve?
valve that leads straight into aorta
Where is the bicuspid or mitral valve?
between left atrium and ventricle
Is the ventricle above the atrium of vice versa?
ventricle below atrium
What makes sure electrical activity of heart is kept on track?
crux
What is fibrillation?
uncontrolled contract of the cardiac muslce
What 2 external factors affect force/rate of cardiac muscle?
nerves and hormones
