Bones, Cartilage and Fracture Flashcards
describe endochondral ossification
process in which an initial small, hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone (ossifies)
From top to middle name parts of bone
epiphyses, metaphysics, diaphysis
Name 2 main structures of bone
outer cortex and inner medulla
Describe 2 features of periosteum
well innervated and vascularised
What gives pain in fractures?
periosteum
Why does femur often fracture?
less compact bone and thin/angled structure
What is the healing process of fractures?
callus then callus remodelling back to normal bone
What is a foraminae and its purpose?
hole in skull to allow brains blood vessels and cranial nerves to pass in/out
What are the 3 parts of the axial skeleton?
neck, skull, trunk
What are the bones of the appendicular skeleton?
pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle, upper limbs, lower limbs
Where should the line be drawn to determine cranial vault and facial skeleton?
above eyes below ear
What is the acronym for the vertebral column?
CTLSC
Which vertebrates contain 5?
Lumbur and Sacrum
How many vertebrae does the cervical have?
7
How many vertebrae does the thoracic region have?
12
How many coccygeal make 1 coccyx?
4
What is the intervebral foramen?
space between vertebrae where nerves emerge
What is the facet joint?
join between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae
What C1 not have?
called Atlas no body/spinous process
What does C2 have?
called Axis. odontoid process
What does C7 have?
vertebrae prominens
ribs 8-10 are what?
false
ribs 11 and 12 are what?
floating
What does the pectoral girdle consist of?
2 clavicle and 2 scapulae
What are the 3 bones of hand?
carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
What are the 3 bones of the foot?
tarsal, metatarsal, phalanges
