Clinical- 7 Flashcards
Review the eye anatomy
on yer own ya filthy animal
What is diplopia?
double vision
What causes diplopia?
misalignment of the eyes
What is opthalmoplegia?
When the extraocular muscle fxn is disrupted
How is the derp in opthalmoplegia?
You derp to the opposite direction because of unopposed action of the other muscles
What is ptosis?
droopy eyelid
What are the 2 causes for ptosis?
damage to either III (LPS) or symapathetics (sup tarsal)
Quick fire eye lesions/conditions/Sx: I will say a Sx and you tell me where the lesion is. Ready?
Total blindness of L eye
L optic n lesion
Bitemporal hemianopia
pituitary tumor/ optic chiasm lesion
L nasal hemianopia
calcified internal carotid
central scotoma
optic or retrobulbar neuritis
L homonymous hemianopia (2)
R optic tract lesion OR complete lesoion of the R optic radiation
L homonymous hemianopia + macular sparing
R PCA occlusion
L homonymous inferior quadrantanopia
R parietal lobe lesion
L homonymous supeiror quadrantanopia
R temporal lobe lesion
What is papilledema?
optic disk swelling due to increased intracranial pressure
What are the clinical features of papilledema?
almost always bilateral, typically doenst impair vision, no eye pain, assocaited w/just ↑ ICP Sx.
What happens in early papilledema?
retinal veins engorged; spontaneous venous pulsations absent; disk hyperemic (increased blood flow); linear hemorrhages at the disk borders; disk margins blurred
What happens in fully developed papilledema?
optic disk is elevated above the plane of the retina; blood vessels crossing the border of the disk are obscured
Papilledema- etiologies
- Intracranial mass (urgent evaluation!)
- Meningitis
- Venous sinus thrombosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Polycythemia, endocrinopathy, hypervitaminosis A
- Pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension)
- Congenital cyanotic heart disease
- Spinal cord tumor
- Guillan-Barre
What is the pathway for the pupillary light response?
light –> II –> optic tracts –> pretectal N. –> stimualtion of BOTH EWN –> PANS to ciliary gang –> ciliary m contraction
What are the 4 things to cause nonreactive pupils?
o local disease of the iris (trauma, iritis, glaucoma)
o oculomotor nerve compression (tumor, aneurysm)
o administration of a mydriatic agent
o optic nerve disorders (neuritis, M.S.)