Clinical Flashcards
what are the 6 D’s of ear disease?
- deafness
- discomfort
- discharge
- dizziness
- din din (tinnitus)
- defective movement of the face
what are the 4 types of deafness?
conductive
sensorineural
mixed
central
compare what the tympanic membrane would look like for AOM to OME?
AOM- bulging and red
OME- retracted and hypomobile/immobile
what is vertigo?
a sensation of movement, usually spinning
What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?
the feeling of vertigo due to the otoconia moving from the utricle (usual position) to the semicircular canals
what is the most common cause of vertigo on looking up?
BPPV
what is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?
a reflex which causes the eyes to move in the opposite direction that the head is turned in order to keep an image on the central visual field
in BPPV the otoconia are dislodged from the utricle into the semicircular canals, which one is particularly affected?
the posterior semicircular canals
what are the main causes of BPPV?
head trauma
ear surgery
what is the Dix Hallpike test?
a test to identify benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
what maneouvres can be used to improve BPPV?
Epley manoeuvres
what is the purpose of Epley manoeuvres?
to get the otoconia out of the semi-circular canals
what is vestibular neuronitis/labyrinthitis?
inflammation of the inner ear causing vertigo
what is likely to be the cause of vertibular neuronitis/labyrinthitis?
viral aetiology
what is the main difference between vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis?
no hearing loss or tinnitus with vestibular neuronitis
may have hearing loss or tinnitus with labyrinthitis
what is the duration of BPPV?
minutes
what is the duration of menieres?
hours
what is the duration of labyrinthitis?
days-weeks
what is the duration of vestibular neuronitis?
days-weeks
is BPPV associated with hearing loss or tinnitus?
no
is menieres associated with hearing loss or tinnitus?
yes
is labyrinthitis associated with hearing loss or tinnitus?
yes
is vestibular neuronitis associated with hearing loss or tinnitus?
no
is BPPV associated with aural fullness?
no
is menieres associated with aural fullness?
yes
is labyrinthitis associated with aural fullness?
no
is vestibular neuronitis associates with aural fullness?
no
does BPPV have a clear positional trigger?
yes
does menieres disease have a clear positional trigger?
no
does labyrinthitis have a clear positional trigger?
no
does vestibular neuronitis have a clear positional trigger?
no
respiration causes the vocal cords to carry out what movement?
abduction
what type of obligate breathers are neonates?
obligate nasal breathers
as the radius of a tube decreases, what happens to the work of breathing?
increases
which is why neonates with a small URTI find it very hard to breath
what is stertor?
snoring
low pitched noises arising from the nasopharyngeal airway
what is a papillomatosis?
HPV infection causing a benign growth
what is the most common cause of adult subglottic stenosis?
vasculitis
why don’t young children tend to break their nose?
because it is still cartilage waiting to ossify