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Madsen Triad EPPP > Clinical > Flashcards

Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

goal of superego

A

The Superego tries to squash the Id

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2
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

Personality Theory

A

Life is made up of drives, when the Id cannot fulfill those drives, one feels tension.

The Ego operates by the reality principle

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3
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

View of Maladaptive Behavior

mania

A

repression of libidinal urges

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4
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

View of Maladaptive Behavior

phobias

A
  • phobias are anxious displacement
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5
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A
  • unconscious, childhood conflicts
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6
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A

In psychoanalysis, the analysis of free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences consists of a combination of

  • confrontation
  • clarification
  • interpretation
  • working through
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7
Q

Freudian Analysis

  • confrontation
  • clarification
  • [ ]
  • working through
A

interpretation

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8
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

Pithy Summary

A

pessimistic, deterministic, focused on past events

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9
Q

Freudian Psychoanalysis

Defense Mechanisms

A

According to Freud, when the ego is unable to ward off danger (anxiety) through rational, realistic means, it may resort to one of its defense mechanisms (e.g., repression, reaction formation) which share two characteristics: They operate on an unconscious level and they serve to deny or distort reality.

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10
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology

Summary

A

Adler’s personality theory and approach to therapy stress the unity of the individual and the belief that behavior is purposeful and goal-directed.

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11
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology

Key Concepts

A

Key concepts are inferiority feelings, striving for superiority, and style of life (which unifies the various aspects of an individual’s personality).

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12
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

Maladaptive behavior represents a mistaken style of life that reflects inadequate social interest.

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13
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology

Therapy Goals and Techniques

teleological

A
  • Adler’s teleological approach regards behavior as being largely motivated by a person’s future goals rather than determined by past events.
  • understand style of life and its consequences
  • lifestyle investigation
  • “basic mistakes”
  • distorted beliefs
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14
Q

Adler’s Individual Psychology

Pithy Summary

A

Less focused on unconscious, focused on the future

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15
Q

Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy

Personality Theory

A

Analytical psychotherapy views behavior as being determined by both conscious and unconscious factors, including the collective unconscious which is the repository of latent memory traces that have been passed down from one generation to the next.

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16
Q

Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

Messages from the unconscious to the individual that something is awry

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17
Q

Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy

Archetypes

A

Included in the collective unconscious are archetypes (primordial images) that cause people to experience certain phenomena in universal ways.

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18
Q

Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A
  • Therapeutic strategies include the interpretation of dreams and transferences (which reflects projections of both the personal and collective unconscious).
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19
Q

Jungian

individuation

A

integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche that occurs in the later years and leads to a unique identity and the development of wisdom.

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20
Q

Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy

Pithy Summary

A

optimistic and future-based

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21
Q

Object Relations Theory

Personality Theory

A

Mahler’s version of object relations theory focuses on the processes by which an infant assumes his/her own physical and psychological identity, and her model of early development involves several phases. The development of object relations occurs during the separation-individuation phase, which begins at four to five months of age.

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22
Q

Object Relations Theory

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

According to Mahler, adult psychopathology can be traced to problems that occurred during separation-individuation.

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23
Q

Object Relations Theory

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A
  • expose maladaptive relationship dynamics into consciousness
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24
Q

Object Relations Theory

Projective Identification

A

a defense mechanism in which the individual projects qualities that are unacceptable to the self onto another person, and that person introjects the projected qualities and believes him/herself to be characterized by them appropriately and justifiably.

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25
Q

Object Relations Theory

Splitting

A

the failure in a person’s thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.

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26
Q

Object Relations Theory

introject

A

an internalized representation

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27
Q

Person Centered Therapy (Rogers)

Personality Theory

A

Rogers’ person-centered therapy is based on the assumptions that people possess an inherent ability for growth and self-actualization

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28
Q

Person Centered Therapy (Rogers)

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

Maladaptive behavior occurs when “incongruence between self and experience” disrupts this natural tendency.

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29
Q

Person Centered Therapy (Rogers)

incongruence leads to

A

incongruence → stress → defensive maneuvers

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30
Q

Person Centered Therapy (Rogers)

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A

The therapist’s role is to provide the client with three facilitative conditions (empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard) that enable the client to return to his/her natural tendency for self-actualization.

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31
Q

Gestalt Therapy

Personality Theory

A
  • Self- creative aspect
  • Self-image- hinders growth and self-actualization
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32
Q

Gestalt Therapy

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A
  • abandonment of self in favor of self-image (boundary disturbance)
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33
Q

Gestalt Therapy

View of Transference

A
  • counterproductive
  • helping the client recognize the difference between his/her “transference fantasy” and reality.
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34
Q

Gestalt Therapy

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A

Gestalt therapy views “awareness” (a full understanding of one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions in the here-and-now) as the primary curative factor and defines

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35
Q

Existential Therapy

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

dealing with questions of death and existence, one naturally feels existential anxiety. which has to be processed or it will lead to neurotic anxiety

concerns: death, freedom, existential isolation, and meaninglessness.

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36
Q

Existential Therapy

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A
  • Therapist-client relationship important tool
  • paradoxical intention- exaggerated and humerous
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37
Q

Reality Therapy (Glasser)

Personality Theory

A
  • Glasser’s reality therapy is based on choice theory, which assumes that people are responsible for the choices they make and focuses on how people make choices that affect the course of their lives.
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38
Q

Reality Therapy (Glasser)

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

result of individual choices - people “depress themselves” in order to fulfill a need

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39
Q

Reality Therapy (Glasser)

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A
  • focuses on current behavior and beliefs
  • use of judgmental statements
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40
Q

Personal Construct Theory (Kelly)

Personality Theory

A

assumes that a person’s psychological processes are determined by the way he or she “construes” (perceives, interprets, and predicts) events, with construing involving the use of personal constructs, which are bipolar dimensions of meaning (e.g., happy/sad, competent/incompetent) that begin to develop in infancy and may operate on an unconscious or conscious level.

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41
Q

Personal Construct Theory (Kelly)

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A
  • self-characterization sketch “describe yourself as someone who knows you well would”
  • “try on” other constructs
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42
Q

Personal Construct Theory (Kelly)

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A
  • rejects medical model
  • says distress is poor personal constructs
  • anxiety, etc, comes from a lack of fit of constructs
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43
Q

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

Pithy Summary

A

psychodynamic + attachment

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44
Q

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

attachment analogs

A

Interpersonal challenges are traced to early life attachment issues

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45
Q

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

Originally Developed For

A
  • was originally developed as a treatment for depression
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46
Q

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A
  • psycho-ed, hope, modeling/role-playing
  • improvement of interpersonal functioning
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47
Q

Solution Focused Therapy

Miracle, Exception, Scaling

A
  • miracle - “you go to sleep and you’re better- what would have changed?
  • exception - can you think of a time in the last week when you did not have the problem (or it wasn’t as bad)
  • scaling questions- on a scale from 1-10 how did you feel, how motivated, etc
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48
Q

Solution-Focused Therapy

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

irrelevant

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49
Q

Solution Focused Therapy

Pithy Summary

A

“you get more of what you talk about” so talk about the solution

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50
Q

Solution Focused Therapy

Therapy Goals and Techniques

3 special questions

A
  • client is expert, therapist is consultant
  • miracle, exception, scaling questions
  • directive - gives the client a task
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51
Q

Transtheoretical Model

Stages of Change

A

pre-contemplation ➡ contemplation ➡ preparation ➡ action ➡ maintenance ➡ termination

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52
Q

Transtheoretical Model

Therapy Goals and Techniques

A

Guide clients through states of change

  • decisional balance
  • temptation (to engage in problem behavior)
  • self-efficacy
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53
Q

Transtheoretical Model

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

irrelevant

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54
Q

Motivational Interviewing

Therapy Goals (OARS)

A

The specific techniques of motivational interviewing are open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries (OARS).

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55
Q

Motivational Interviewing

Original Design

A
  • Motivational interviewing was developed specifically for clients who are ambivalent about changing their behavior and combines the transtheoretical (stages of change) model with Rogers’ client-centered therapy and the Bandura concept of self-efficacy
  • designed for smokers
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56
Q

Influences on Family Therapy

General Systems Theory (Summary)

A

interacting components are best understood in their context

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57
Q

Influences on Family Therapy

Homeostasis

A

problems go away, they will re-appear elsewhere

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58
Q

Cybernetics

negative feedback loop

A

reduces deviation, maintains status quo

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59
Q

Cybernetics

positive feedback loop

A

amplifies deviation, disrupts the system

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60
Q

Influences on Family Therapy

double-bind

A

two negatives, conflicting negative injunctions, one verbal one physical, no way to get help, tied with schizophrenia

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61
Q

Communication/Interaction Family Therapy

Pithy Summary

A

“people are always communicating, even when they’re doing nothing”

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62
Q

Communication/Interaction Family Therapy

Report/Command

A

communication consists of report/command
- report is info
- command is non-verbal
- contradiction between them is when issues arise

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63
Q

Communication/Interaction Family Therapy

Symmetrical vs. Complementary Communication

A
  • symmetrical - equality between communicators
  • complementary- reflect inequality (dominant + submissive)
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64
Q

Communication/Interaction Family Therapy

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A
  • circular model of causality
  • blaming/criticizing/mind-reading/over-generalizing
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65
Q

Communication/Interaction Family Therapy

Therapy Goals/Techniques

A
  • direct strategies
  • paradoxical intervention (prescribing the symptom)
  • reframing
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66
Q

Extended Family Systems Therapy (Bowen)

Pithy Summary

A

differentiation - good
triangulation - bad

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67
Q

Extended Family Systems Therapy (Bowen)

differentiation

A

separation of emotional and intellectual functioning

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68
Q

Extended Family Systems Therapy (Bowen)

emotional triangle

A

bringing in a third person to decrease instability and reduce tension (maldaptive, “triangulation”)

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69
Q

Extended Family Systems Therapy (Bowen)

view of maladaptive behavior

A

result of multigenerational transmission

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70
Q

Extended Family Systems Therapy (Bowen)

therapy goals and techniques

A
  • increase differentiation
  • be a “coach”
  • genogram
  • talk to the therapist
  • remain calm and focused
71
Q

Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)

boundaries

A
  • rigid boundaries = disengagement
  • diffuse boundaries = enmeshment
72
Q

Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)

detouring

A

over-protecting or over-blaming one child

73
Q

Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)

stable coalition

A

one parent, one kid to gang up on a parent

74
Q

Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)

unstable coalition

A

parent demanding a child’s allegiance against another parent

75
Q

Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A

inflexible family structure

76
Q

Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)

Psychosomatic Families

A

families that focus on the physical symptoms of one family member, can lead to enmeshment

77
Q

Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)

Therapy Goals and Techniques

joining, tracking, etc

A
  • joining- mimesis (therapist using family’s affect
  • tracking - understanding family’s values
  • evaluating and restructuring
78
Q

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

Pithy Summary

A

Using the client’s resistance to change their behavior

79
Q

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

view of maladaptive behavior

A
  • a symptom is a strategy of control when all else has failed
  • becomes pathological when there is a denial of the desire to control
80
Q

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

therapy goals/techniques

A
  • altering family’s transactions + organization
  • social stage (observation), problem stage (gathering info), interaction stage (discussion), goal-setting (agree on a contract)
81
Q

Object Relations Family Therapy

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A
  • intrapsychic and interpersonal factors
  • projective identification
82
Q

Object Relations Family Therapy

therapy goals/techniques

A
  • resolve family members attachment to family introjects
  • processing of transference, resistance
83
Q

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

Paradoxical Interventions

A

ordeals, restraining, positioning, reframing, prescribing the symptom

84
Q

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

ordeal

A

unpleasant task client must do whenever a symptom occurs

85
Q

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

restraining

A

encouraging the family not to change

86
Q

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

positioning

A

exaggerating the severity of the symptom

87
Q

Systemic Family Therapy (Milan)

originally developed for

A

anorexia

88
Q

Systemic Family Therapy (Milan)

view of maladaptive behavior

A
  • circular patterns of action + reaction
  • madalaptive behaviors occur when people can no longer make decisions about their lives
89
Q

Systemic Family Therapy (Milan)

Therapy Goals/Techniques

A
  • one-way mirror
  • hypothesizing (initial contact is to form hypotheses)
  • neutrality (therapist remains ally of entire family)
  • paradox (therapeutic double-bind, positive connotation [reframing])
  • circular questions (Who was more upset, mom or dad?)
90
Q

Behavioral Family Therapy

View of Maladaptive Behavior

A
  • all behavior is learned
  • ABC- antecedent, behavior, consequence
91
Q

Behavioral Family Therapy

Therapy Goal + Techniques

A
  • alteration of environmental factors (antecedent and consequences)
  • focus on observable behaviors
  • contingent reinforcement
  • communication + problem solving skills
92
Q

Group Therapy (Yalom)

Most Important Factors

A
  • interpersonal input
  • catharsis
  • self-understanding
  • cohesiveness
93
Q

Group Therapy (Yalom)

Formative Stages

A
  1. Orientation, hesitant participation, search for meaning, dependency
  2. conflict, dominance, rebellion
  3. development of cohesiveness
94
Q

Group Therapy (Yalom)

early termination

A
  • 35% of members drop out during first 12-20 sessions
  • post-selection preparation can reduce this
95
Q

Group Therapy (Yalom)

group therapy + individual therapy

A

“drains affect” from the group

96
Q

Group Therapy (Yalom)

contraindicated for group therapy

A

severe depression, paranoia, acute psychosis, brain damage, sociopathy

97
Q

Feminist Therapy

view of maladaptive behavior

A

women’s circumstances always reflect the position of women in society

womens issues are:
1. related to traditional female roles
2. survival tactics (means of exercising personal power)
3. arbitrary labels society has assigned to certain behaviors

98
Q

Feminist Therapy

Therapy Goals

A
  • empowerment
  • striving for egalitarian relationship
  • avoiding labels (do not use traditional labels to describe feelings)
  • avoiding revictimization (blaming the abuser)
  • involvement in social action- engaging women in social and political activism
99
Q

Feminist Therapy

nonsexist therapy

A

focus on individual factors and modifying personal therpies, recognition of impact of sexism and avoidance of biases

100
Q

Feminist Therapy

self-in-relation therapy

A

focus on mother-daughter, mother-son relationship

101
Q

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Hypnosis

General

A

disruption in communication between brain areas that control movement and executive functioning/self-imagery

102
Q

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Hypnosis

repressed memories

A

hypnosis may produce pseudomemories, may exaggerate a persons confidence in validity of certain memories (especially inaccurate ones)

103
Q

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Acupuncture

A

endorphins and other pain-supressing substances release at point of needle insertion, alteration in blood flow

104
Q

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Reflexology

A
  • application of pressure re-establishes body’s balance and promotes healing process
  • effectiveness not clearly demonstrated
105
Q

Prevention

Primary Prevention

A
  • reduction of prevalence by decreasing incidence of new cases
  • making a program available to all members of an identified group or population
  • immunization/prenatal nutrition/meals on wheels
106
Q

Prevention

Secondary Prevention

A
  • reducing duration of illness through early detection and intervention
  • screening test to identify first graders with reading disabilities
107
Q

Prevention

Tertiary Prevention

A
  • reduction of duration and consequence of disorder
  • rehabs, halfway house
108
Q

Community Psychology

Health Belief Model

A
  1. readiness to take action
  2. evaluation of costs and benefits
  3. cues to action
109
Q

Community Psychology

HLOC

A

health locus of control- to what extent does the patient believe in their own ability to help themselves

110
Q

Consultation

Stages of Consultation

A
  • Entry
  • Diagnosis
  • Implementation
  • Disengagements
111
Q

Consultation

Client Centered Case Consultation

A

(1) Client-centered case consultation focuses on helping the consultee work more effectively with a particular client.

112
Q

Consultation

Consultee-Centered Case Consultation

A

(2) Consultee-centered case consultation focuses on enhancing the consultee’s ability to deliver services to a particular group or population of clients.

113
Q

Consultation

Program-centered administrative consultation

A

Program-centered administrative consultation involves working with one or more administrators (consultees) to resolve problems related to a particular program

114
Q

Consultation

Consultee-centered administrative consultation

A

Consultee-centered administrative consultation involves enhancing the ability of administrators to develop, implement, and evaluate programs.

115
Q

Consultation

Consultation vs. Supervision

A

Supervision:

  • same profession as supervisee
  • administrative responsibility
  • position of power
116
Q

Consultation

Parallel Process

A

Parallel process occurs in clinical supervision when the therapist (supervisee) behaves toward his/her supervisor in ways that mirror how the client is behaving toward the therapist.

117
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Eysenck

A

Eysenck was a British psychologist known for his factor analysis of personality traits, contributions to behavior therapy, and 1952 review of psychotherapy outcome studies in which he found that
* 72% of untreated neurotic individuals improved without therapy
* 66% of patients receiving eclectic psychotherapy
* 44% receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy showed a substantial decrease in symptoms.

Based on these findings, Eysenck concluded that any apparent benefit of therapy is due to spontaneous remission.

118
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Smith, Glass, Miller

A

Smith et al. used meta-analysis to combine the results of the psychotherapy outcome studies and found, contrary to Eysenck, that psychotherapy does have substantial benefits. In one study, they obtained an average effect size of .85, which indicates that the typical therapy client is better off than 80% of individuals who need therapy but are untreated.

119
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Efficacy Research

A

clinical trials

120
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Effectiveness Studies

A

effectiveness studies, which are correlational or quasi-experimental in nature.

ECT is like ETC, quasi experimental…etc

121
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Therapist-client matching

A
  • Research on therapist-client matching in terms of race, ethnicity, or culture has produced inconsistent results.
  • However, matching may reduce premature termination for members of some groups (e.g., Asian and Hispanic/Latino).
  • Some research suggests that other factors (e.g., similarity in values and worldview) are more important than similarity in terms of race, ethnicity, or culture.
122
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Treatment Manuals

A

Treatment manuals were originally developed to standardize psychotherapeutic treatments so their effects could be empirically evaluated and to provide guidelines for training therapists.

They specify the theoretical underpinnings of the treatment along with treatment goals and specific therapeutic guidelines and strategies.

A potential limitation of treatment manuals is that they may oversimplify the therapeutic process.

123
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Diagnostic Overshadowing

A

Diagnostic overshadowing was originally used to describe the tendency of health professionals to attribute all of a person’s psychiatric symptoms to his or her intellectual disabilities. Subsequent research found that diagnostic overshadowing applies to other conditions and diagnoses.

124
Q

Psychotherapy Research

alloplastic vs autoplastic

A

changing the surroundings/environment vs changing the person

125
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Psychiatry Inpatients

A

1) For both men and women, admission rates into psychiatric hospitals are lowest among the widowed, intermediate for those who are married or divorced/separated, and highest for the never married.
2) Although Whites represent the largest number of psychiatric inpatients, when population proportions are taken into account, patients from other races are overrepresented.
3) For both men and women, the largest proportion of admissions is in the 25 to 44 age range.

126
Q

Diversity Issues

African Americans

A
  • emphasize group welfare over individual needs
  • church is an important part of extended family
  • egalitarian roles in home
  • healthy cultural paranoia
  • best served by “multisystems model”
127
Q

Diversity Issues

Native Americans

A
  • regard illness as a result of disharmony
  • emphasis on the extended family and tribe
  • consider listening more important than talking
  • collaborative, less directive, network therapy
128
Q

Diversity Issues

Asian Americans

A
  • hierarchical sturcuture, traditional gender roles
  • restraint of strong emotions
  • appreciate formalism, adherence to prescribed roles
  • focus on behaviors over emotions
129
Q

Diversity Issues

Hispanic/Latino Americans

A
  • family welfare over individual welfare
  • interdepenence viewed as healthy
  • discussion of personal details with strangers unacceptable
  • formalismo before personalismo
130
Q

Diversity Issues

Sexual Minorities

A
  • internalized homophobia
  • coming out
131
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Therapist Distress

A
  • suicidal statements most distressing
  • lack of therapeutic success very stressful
  • confidentiality most frequent ethical issue
132
Q

Psychotherapy Research

Battered Women

A
  • 20% of women, 7% of men have been physically assaulted by a current or former intimate partner
  • first step- assure safety, development of a safety/escape plan
133
Q

Diversity Issues

Cultural Competence

A
  • Awareness (of your own assumptions)
  • knowledge (understanding of history & values)
  • skills (treatments catered to a specific group, awareness of limitations)
134
Q

Diversity Issues

credibility and giving

Sue and Zane

A
  • credibilityclient’s perception that therapist is trustworthy expert
  • giving clients perception that they have received something from thereapy
135
Q

Diversity Issues

Indigenous Healing

A
  • Curanderismo (healer, religious healing, medicine)
  • Ho’oponopono - resolution of a conflict
  • sweat lodge- sweating, singing, praying to cleanse the soul
136
Q

Diversity Issues

Acculturation

Berry

A

According to Berry, a person’s level of acculturation can be described in terms of four categories that reflect the person’s adoption of his/her own culture and the culture of the dominant group

  • integration- maintains parts of personal culture but incorporates elements of dominant culture - likes both
  • assimilation- acccepts majority culture, relinquishes personal culture likes majority
  • separation- withdraws from dominant culture, accepts own culture likes minority
  • marginalization- does not identify with either likes neither
137
Q

Diversity Issues

Worldview

A

Differences in worldview can affect the therapeutic process. For example, White middle-class therapists typically have an internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility (IC-IR) and are likely to have problems working with an African American client with an internal locus of control and external locus of responsibility (IC-ER) who may challenge the therapist’s authority and trustworthiness and be reluctant to self-disclose.

138
Q

Diversity Issues

Cultural Encapsulation

A

Culturally encapsulated counselors interpret everyone’s reality through their own cultural assumptions and stereotypes and disregard cultural differences and their own cultural biases.

139
Q

Diversity Issues

Emic vs Etic

A

Emit and etic refer to different orientations to understanding and describing cultures. An emic orientation is culture-specific and involves understanding the culture from the perspective of members of that culture. An etic orientation is culture-general and assumes that universal principles can be applied to all cultures.

Em - specific cultures write songs starting in Em

140
Q

Diversity Issue

High vs Low Context Communication

A

Members of many culturally diverse groups in America exhibit high-context communication, which relies on shared cultural understanding and nonverbal cues. It helps unify a culture and is slow to change. In contrast, Anglos are more likely to exhibit low-context communication, which relies primarily on the verbal message, is less unifying than high-context communication, and can change rapidly and easily. Differences in communication style can lead to misunderstandings in cross-cultural therapy.

141
Q

Diversity Issues

Cultural Paranoia

A

Ridley described nondisclosure by African American therapy clients as being due to two types of paranoia: A client is exhibiting cultural paranoia (which is a healthy reaction to racism) when he/she does not disclose to a white therapist due to a fear of being hurt or misunderstood. A client is exhibiting functional paranoia (which is due to pathology) when he/she is unwilling to disclose to any therapist, regardless of race or ethnicity, as a result of mistrust and suspicion.

Help client develop disclosure flexibility

142
Q

Diversity Issues

Responses to Oppression

A
  • internalized oppression (system beating- acting out against the system)
  • conceptual incarceration (acting white)
  • split-self syndrome (polarizing onesself into good and bad- bad being the minority identity)
  • playing it cool- concealing anger
143
Q

Diversity Issues

Herek’s Three Categories

A

heteroxism, sexual stigma, sexual prejudice

144
Q

Diversity Issues

Sexual Prejudice by population

A

Herek found higher levels of sexual prejudice among heterosexual men (versus heterosexual women) and among individuals who are older, have lower levels of education, live in Southern or Midwestern states or in rural areas, or have limited personal contact with homosexuals.

145
Q

Diversity Issues

Sexual Stigma

A

Sexual stigma refers to “the shared knowledge of society’s negative regard for any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community” (p. 15).

146
Q

Diversity Issues

Heterosexism

A

Heterosexism refers to cultural ideologies, which are “systems that provide the rationale and operating instructions” (p. 15) that promote and perpetrate antipathy, hostility, and violence against homosexuals.

147
Q

Diversity Issues

Sexual Prejudice

A

Sexual prejudice refers to negative attitudes that are based on sexual orientation, whether the target is homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual.

148
Q

Diversity Issues

Racial Cultural Identity Model

Atkinson Morten & Sue

A

Conformity, Dissonance, Resistance and Immersion, Introspection, Integrative Awareness

149
Q

Diversity Issues

conformity

Racial Cultural Identity Model

A

positive attitudes for the dominant group

150
Q

Diversity Issues

dissonance

Racial Cultural Identity Model

A

confusion and conflict over contradictory attitudes

151
Q

Diversity Issues

resistance and immersion

Racial Cultural Identity Model

A

active rejection of the dominant group

152
Q

Diversity Issues

introspection

Racial Cultural Identity Model

A

uncertainty about the rigidity of Stage 3 beliefs

153
Q

Diversity Issues

integrative awareness

Racial Cultural Identity Model

A

adoption of a multicultural perspective

154
Q

Diversity Issues

Black Racial Identity Development Model

A

Pre-encounter, encounter, immersion-emersion, internalization

155
Q

Diversity Issues

Pre-encounter

Black Racial Identity Development Model

A

assimilated or anti-black, prefer a white therapist

156
Q

Diversity Issues

Encounter

Black Racial Identity Development Model

A

significant race-related event, greater cultural awareness, wants a therapist of the same race

157
Q

Diversity Issues

Immersion-Emersion

Black Racial Identity Development Model

A

immersion- rage at whites, guilt about previous lack of awareness
emersion- rage subsides, but rejects all aspects of white culture

158
Q

Diversity Issues

Internalization

Black Racial Identity Development Model

A

one of three identities- pro black, non-racist (afrocentric), biculturist (integration of black with another culture)

may have healthy cultural paranoia

159
Q

Diversity Issues

White racial identity development

A

Two phases: abandoning racism (statuses 1-3) and developing a nonracist white identity (statuses 4-6).

  1. contact
  2. disintegration
  3. reintegration
  4. pseudo-independence
  5. immersion-emersion
  6. autonomy
160
Q

Diversity Issues

Contact

White racial identity development

A

little awareness of racism

161
Q

Diversity Issues

Disintegration

White racial identity development

A

increasing awareness of race and racism which leads to confusion and conflict

162
Q

Diversity Issues

Reintegration

White racial identity development

A

idealization of White society and denigration of members of minority groups

163
Q

Diversity Issues

Pseudo-independence

White racial identity development

A

questioning of racist views

164
Q

Diversity Issues

Immersion-Emersion

White racial identity development

A

confrontation of own biases

165
Q

Diversity Issues

Autonomy

White racial identity development

A

internalization of a nonracist White identity

166
Q

Diversity Issues

Parallel Interaction

White racial identity development

A

therapist and client on similar levels

167
Q

Diversity Issues

regressive interaction

White racial identity development

A

client is more advanced than the level of the therapist

168
Q

Diversity Issues

progressive interaction

White racial identity development

A

therapists level of identity development is more progressed than the client

169
Q

Diversity Issues

crossed interaction

White racial identity development

A

status of therapist and client are opposite

170
Q

Research-Based Consultation Models and Practices

EBTs

A
  • are highly supported because they can be translated into non-research sesttings
  • criticized for not addressing the unique challenges that arise in training in public mental health service settings
171
Q

Research-Based Consultation Models and Practices

Telepsychology

A
  • could be less expensive, more affordable
  • possible issues with confidentiality, crossing state lines, encryption of programs, informed consent, scope of practice
172
Q

Research-Based Consultation Models and Practices

Bismarck Model

A

mix of public and private funds for healthcare

173
Q

Research-Based Consultation Models and Practices

Beveridge Model

A

public funds for healthcare

174
Q

Research-Based Consultation Models and Practices

Supervision

A
  • administration
  • teaching
  • helping

Madsen Triad EPPP (9 decks)

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