clin path Flashcards
How do we approach CBC results
erythron
leukon
thrombon
protein
energy
renal
mineral
liver
muscle
pancreas and gi
if it is regenerative. what are our options
hemorrhage or hemolysis
stress leukogram
increase segs decrease lymphs
eosinophilia?
worms, wheezes, weird diseases
neutropenia?
overwhelming stress, depleted them
what do we have to remember about platelet count
clumps
where are platelets produced
bone marrow
best way to prevent clumps in the platelets
use vaccutainers to collect blood
what is albumin
acute phase protein, carries Ca
what does ammonia tell us
the measure of hepatic function. its supposed to get converted to urea in the liver
low glucose?
liver damage- check
insulinoma- check pancreas-amy/lip
sepsis
fasting
what do we look at to assess renal
creat
BUN
UA
low Alb
inc phos
inc K
inc amy/lip from decrease GFR
what to remember about our mineral CA, P, Mg
all attach to albumin, look to alb if low
inc phos?
look to BUN creat, could be renal
what electrolytes move together
Na and Cl should move together
formula to correct chloride
avg Na/msrd Na x msrd Cl
liver injury
ALT
AST
SDH
liver function
alb
BUN
glucose
coag factors
fib
ammonia
bile acids
cholestasis markers
alp
ggt
bili
UA
EPI
decrease cobalamin
increase folate
what are the three sources of laboratory errors
preanalytical-vets
analytical
post analytical-incorrect interpretation or RI false
what tube type can cause increase K
edta
what tube will chelate Ca
blue top
CBC results that there is no glucose yet the animal is not clinical
red blood cells will eat up the glucose
what top do we need for coag times
light blue
what tubes can be used for chemistry
red, yellow, green
what do we use purple tops for
CBC
what are the things you need to remember about doing cytology in house
always wear gloves when touching the slides
provide history if sending out
appropriately describe the location of the lesion
what type of blood do you put in the procyte cbc
purple top
what to remember about the procyte scatterplots
look for trends, dont trust straight lines- do a manual count, rerun if things are weird
why are reference labs better
QC ensures quality results and they have specialist to look over results
thrombocytopenia?
SPUD
azotemia?
pre renal, renal, post renal
check UA,
shock? decreased renal perfusion? cushings?
what do we look at to start worrying about mineralization
if P x Ca is greater than 80ish
titrational acidosis
decreased co2
increased AG
KLUE- ketone, lactate, uremic, ethylene glycol
what causes inc P and dec Ca in renal disease
secondary renal hyperparathyroidism
