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Military Health Stressors > Climatic Injuries > Flashcards

Climatic Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aspects of a hot dry climate?

A

Average temp: 50 degrees
Temp variation: Hot days & cold nights
Seasonal variation: evident
Humidity: 5-30%
Vegetation: none or sparse

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2
Q

What are aspects of a hot wet climate?

A

Average temp: 25-30 degrees
Temp variation: little
Seasonal variation: little
Humidity: 90-99%
Vegetation: thick dense jungle

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3
Q

What are examples of minor heat illness?

A

Fainting
Heat cramps
Sunburn
Prickly heat

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4
Q

What are examples of major heat illnesses?

A

Hyperthermia/Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke

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5
Q

What are the aspects of a cold wet climate?

A

Temperature: near freezing
Temp variation: freezing and thawing
Weather: wet, snow, sleet or rainfall

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6
Q

What are the aspects of a cold dry climate?

A

Temp: well below freezing
Temp variation: little or none
Weather: snow, dry and powdery, ground frozen and dry

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7
Q

What are examples of freezing cold injuries?

A

Hypothermia
Frostbite

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8
Q

What are examples of non-freezing cold injuries?

A

Trench foot
Frost nip
Windburn

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9
Q

What causes fainting?

A

Lowered blood pressure due to blood diverting from core to skin

Water loss from blood due to sweating

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10
Q

What causes heat cramps?

A

Excessive loss of salt through sweating

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11
Q

What causes sunburn?

A

Exposure to UV radiation

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12
Q

What causes prickly heat?

A

Sweat glands blocked by dead skin cells, bacteria and dirt causing inflammation.

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13
Q

What causes hyperthermia?

A

Rise in body temp above 39 degrees

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14
Q

What causes heatstroke?

A

Advanced hyperthermia, body temp above 41 degrees

Body unable to sweat due to dehydration

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15
Q

What causes hypothermia?

A

Body temp drops below 35 degrees

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16
Q

What causes frostbite?

A

Loss of blood supply to tissue due to vasoconstriction

17
Q

What causes trench foot?

A

Cold wet conditions between 0-15 degrees

18
Q

What causes frostnip?

A

Lack of blood flow and heat loss, early stage of frostbite

19
Q

What causes windburn?

A

Cold wind removed too layer of oil from skin leading to excessive dryness and cracking

20
Q

What causes snow blindness?

A

Unprotected exposure to bright UV rays reflected from ice and snow

21
Q

What causes contact injuries?

A

Brief contact with very low temp objects leading to a burn. Skin moisture freezes instantly and can stick to object

22
Q

What causes carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

Attempts to warm self in enclosed environments with vehicle fumes, kerosene stoves etc.

23
Q

What are the symptoms of fainting?

A

Less oxygen reaching the brain

24
Q

What are the symptoms of heat cramps?

A

Intense thirst
Muscle cramps
Rapid pulse
Nausea

25
Q

What are the symptoms of sunburn?

A

Skin damage
Risk of cancer

26
Q

What are the symptoms of prickly heat?

A

Inflammation
Red itchy spots or blisters
Prickling sensation

27
Q

What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?

A

Headache
Nausea
Fatigued
Dizziness
Light headedness
Flushed and sweaty
Feel hot

28
Q

What are symptoms of heat stroke?

A

Dry skin
Headache
Rapid bounding pulse
CNS impairment
Hyperventilation

29
Q

What are symptoms of hypothermia?

A

Feel intensely cold
Involuntary shivering
Mood changes
Locomotor impairment
Tiredness

30
Q

What are the symptoms of frostbite?

A

Early signs: redness and blistering
Advanced signs: black discolouration

31
Q

What are the symptoms of trench foot?

A

Cold, swollen and mottled skin
Long term muscle nerve and skin tissue damage in severe cases

32
Q

What are symptoms of frost nip?

A

Pasty white skin
Loss of sensation

33
Q

What are symptoms of windburn?

A

Redness with burning and itchy feeling
Can be mistaken for sunburn

34
Q

What are the symptoms of snow blindness?

A

Eyes gritty
Bloodshot
Painful
Watery
Swell shut

35
Q

What are symptoms of a cold burn?

A

Very similar to regular burn

Military Health Stressors (10 decks)

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