CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION APPROACHES Flashcards
1
Q
- adjusting to actual or expected future climate
- The goal is to reduce our vulnerability to the harmful effects of climate change like sea-level encroachment, more intense extreme weather events or food insecurity
A
Adaptation
2
Q
- interventions aimed at reducing the severity of climate change
- reducing sources of these gases
- enhancing the sinks that accumulate and store these
gases such as the oceans, forests and soil
A
Mitigation
3
Q
- employ decarbonization technologies and techniques that reduce CO2 emissions, such as:
- renewable energy
- fuel switching
- efficiency gains
- nuclear power
- carbon capture storage
A
Conventional Mitigation Efforts
4
Q
Climate Mitigation Approach:
A
- Conventional Mitigation Efforts
- Negative Emissions Technologies
- Radiative Forcing Geoengineering Technologies
5
Q
Conventional Mitigation Efforts:
A
- FUEL SWITCHING
- EFFICIENT GAINS
- CARBON STORAGE AND CAPTURE
6
Q
- transitioning from “carbon-intense” fuels (like gasoline or propane) to low- or zero-carbon alternatives (like renewable energy) in our homes and vehicles
A
FUEL SWITCHING
7
Q
- the power sector are achieved through improvements in thermal power plants by enhancing the efficiency of fuel combustion as well as improving turbine generator efficiencies
A
EFFICIENT GAINS
8
Q
- It is a promising technology as a potential decarbonization approach to be applied to the power as well as the industrial sectors
A
CARBON STORAGE AND CAPTURE
9
Q
- Also referred to as carbon dioxide removal methods. These techniques are potentially deployed to capture and sequester CO2 from the atmosphere.
A
Negative Emissions Technologies
10
Q
- The basic principle behind the technology is biomass biologically captures atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis during growth, which is then utilized for energy production through combustion. The CO2 emissions realized upon combustion are then captured and stored in suitable geological reservoirs.
A
BIOENERGY WITH CARBON STORAGE AND CAPTURE
11
Q
Negative Emissions Technologies:
A
- BIOENERGY WITH CARBON STORAGE AND CAPTURE
- BIOCHAR
- ENHANCED TERRESTRIAL WEATHERING
- DIRECT AIR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
- OCEAN FERTILIZATION
- OCEAN ALKALINITY ENHANCEMENT
- SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION
- REFORESTATION AND AFFORESTATION
- WETLAND CONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION
12
Q
- a charcoal-like substance that’s made by burning organic material from agricultural and forestry wastes (also called biomass) in a controlled process called pyrolysis. Although it looks a lot like common charcoal, biochar is produced using a specific process to reduce contamination and safely store carbon.
A
BIOCHAR
13
Q
- an approach that can accelerate the weathering process to enhance CO2 uptake on a much shorter timescale. This is achieved through milling silicate rocks to increase its reactive surface and enhance its mineral dissolution rate. The ground material is then applied to croplands providing a multitude of co-benefits.
A
ENHANCED TERRESTRIAL WEATHERING
14
Q
- The underlying principle behind this technology is the use of chemical bonding to remove atmospheric CO2 directly from the air and then store it in geological reservoirs.
A
DIRECT AIR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
15
Q
- is the process of adding nutrients, macro such as phosphorus and nitrates as well as micro such as iron, to the upper surface of the ocean to enhance CO2 uptake by promoting biological activity.
A
OCEAN FERTILIZATION
16
Q
- are microscopic organisms found at the surface layer of oceans and are important contributor to the concept of oceanic carbon sequestration
A
Phytoplankton
17
Q
The sequestered CO2, in the form of organic marine biomass, is naturally transported to the deep ocean; this process is termed “________”.
A
the biological pump
18
Q
- an approach to carbon removal that involves adding alkaline substances to seawater to enhance the ocean’s natural carbon sink. These substances could include minerals, such as olivine, or artificial substances, such as lime or some industrial by products
A
OCEAN ALKALINITY ENHANCEMENT
19
Q
Afforestation
A
- establishing of a new forest
19
Q
- The process of capturing atmospheric CO2 through changing land management practices to increase soil carbon content
A
SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION
20
Q
Reforestation
A
- re-establishing previous forest areas that have undergone deforestation or degradation
21
Q
- have already been widely adopted on a global level and have already been integrated within climate policies through the Kyoto protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism program since the 1990s.
A
REFORESTATION AND AFFORESTATION
22
Q
- It is an ecosystem that accumulates plant material overtime and store an average of 10x more carbon per nectare than any other ecosystem.
A
Peatland
23
Q
- Wetlands are high carbon density ecosystems that facilitate atmospheric carbon sequestration through photosynthesis and subsequent storage in above-ground and below-ground biomass as well as soil organic matter.
A
WETLAND CONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION
24
Q
Examples of wetlands include:
A
peatlands as well as coastal habitats such as mangrove forests, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows, also referred to as blue carbon ecosystems.
25
Q
- the carbon captured by the oceans and coastal ecosystem including seaweed and sediments
A
Blue Carbon
26
Q
- the soot emitted during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in coal-fired power plants, cars and other equipment.
A
Black Carbon
27
Q
- originates primarily during the combustion of organic biomass and is a close cousin of black carbon
A
Brown Carbon
28
Q
- it includes all living biological particles on snow and ice that reduce albedo to survive
A
Red Carbon
29
Q
- reflects the carbon sequestered by land ecosystems
A
Green Carbon
30
Q
- the carbon stored in inland freshwater wetlands
A
Teal Carbon
31
Q
- techniques are a set of technologies that aim to alter the earth’s radiative energy budget to stabilize or reduce global temperatures.
A
Radiative Forcing Geoengineering Technologies
