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Grade 10 Science > Climate Change > Flashcards

Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What is weather?

A

Atmospheric conditions, in a particular location over a short period of time.
Examples: Temperature, precipitation, wind and humidity

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2
Q

What is climate?

A

The usual pattern or average of the weather in a region over a long period of time. Usually 30 years. Climate determines the types of plants and animals that live there.

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3
Q

What factors affect climate?

A
  • Distance from equator (Latitude)
  • Presence of large bodies of water
  • Presence of ocean and air currents
  • Land formations
  • Height above sea level (Altitude)
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4
Q

List the 4 main components of the climate system and their function

A
  • Atmosphere- gases surrounding Earth
  • Hydrosphere- liquid water, ice and water vapor
  • Lithosphere- Earth’s rock crust and land surfaces
  • Biosphere (living things)- Plants, animals, microbes etc.
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5
Q

True or False?

The energy from the sun is less intense near the Earth’s equator since it hits the Earth’s surface directly.

A

False

The energy from the sun is more intense near the Earth’s equator since it hits the Earth’s surface directly.

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6
Q

True or False?
The energy from the sun is more intense near the two poles since energy hits Earth’s surface at an angle and spreads over a larger area

A

False
The energy from the sun is less intense near the two poles since energy hits Earth’s surface at an angle and spreads over a larger area

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7
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

It is the balance between energy absorbed from the sun and energy emitted from Earth ensures that Earth’s global temperature remains fairly constant

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8
Q

As the Earth warms up from the Sun’s energy, it gains _______ energy and then converts it to ___-energy _______ radiation

A

As the Earth warms up from the Sun’s energy, it gains thermal energy and then converts it to low-energy infrared (IR) radiation

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9
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

A natural process that has been happening fr hundreds of years. Gases and clouds absorb infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface and radiate it, heating the atmosphere and Earth’s surface

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10
Q

What is greenhouse gases?

A

Any gas in the atmosphere that absorbs lower energy infrared radiation

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11
Q

What are some greenhouse gases?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Water Vapor
  • Methane
  • Ozone
  • Nitrous Oxide
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12
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

A produces more of B which in turn produces more of A

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13
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

Self-regulating system that works to maintain stability

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14
Q

What are Anthropgenic greenhouse gases?

A

Higher level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities

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15
Q

What are some examples of anthropogenic greenhouse gases?

A

Carbon Dioxide- burning of fossil fuels (gases, coal), deforestation
Methane-landfills, sewage, cattle ranching, coal mining
Nitrous Oxide- livestock and waste, fertilizers

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16
Q

What cause convection currents?

A

Circulation current in the air and other fluids (water) are caused by the rising of warm fluid as cold fluid sinks

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17
Q

True or false?

Warm ocean currents cool the air above them which moves to the land and produces rain

A

Warm ocean currents warms the air above them which moves to the land and produces rain

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18
Q

True or False?

Cold ocean currents warm the air above them causing cool, dry air to reach the land creating desert areas

A

False

Cold ocean currents cool the air above them causing cool, dry air to reach the land creating desert areas

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19
Q

Name some long term changes in climate

A

Continental drift- when continents move. Ocean currents and wind and patters change causing vines in climate

Mountain ranges form, regional climates change

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20
Q

What is albedo?

A

A measure of how much of the suns radiation is reflected by a surface. (Relegated to prescient of radiation reflected)

21
Q

What is the albedo effect?

A

An increase in the earths temperature causes ice to melt, so more radiation absorbed by earths surface, leading to further increases in temperature.
This is a positive feedback loop.

22
Q

What are some short term changes in climate?

A

10-100 years

  • volcanoes- more dust in the air inhibits suns energy from reaching an area causing short term cool down
  • El Nino- occurs every 3-7 years. Involves a change in prevailing winds that can cause changes in climate
23
Q

What are some impacts of climate change? (4)

A
  • rising sea levels- glaciers and ice sheets melting
  • impacts on agriculture- increased drought
  • impacts on ecosystems- loss in biodiversity
  • impacts on human, animal and plant health- pests and diseases
24
Q

How are sink holes created?

A

Permafrost (permanently frozen soil) is melting creating sink holes

25
Q

What is the albedo effect?

A

Less ice in the attic means less of the suns energy is being reflected back into space

26
Q

What ways can we study climate change?

A

Ice cores- ring air bubbles are tested for various gases

Tree rings- thickness of tree ring indicates the growing conditions. Warm and wet year= thick rings. Cold and dry=thin rings

Coral reef- layers give clues about temperature of the ocean

Rocks and fossils

27
Q

What ways do climate change in the Arctic impact the rest of the world?

A

Releases of carbon dioxide- tired in permafrost released as it melts

Biodiversity- breeding grounds in the arctic may move to different ecosystems

Shipping and transportation- polar ice caps melt be shorter travel less money and energy

Sea levels- melting ice raises the sea level

Ocean currents- fresh water from melting ice will flow into attic ocean causing the ocean currents to slow or stop

28
Q

What is the Kyoto protocol?

A

Plan with UN (united nations) for industrialized nations to reduce their GHG emissions by 5% by 2012

29
Q

What is the united framework convention on climate change?

A

The UNFCCC is an agreement by 192 countries to act to stabilize greenhouse emission. Created in 1992. each year they meet to discuss climate knew strategies the meetings are called COP (conference of the parties)

30
Q

What is albedo?

A

A measure of how much of the suns radiation is reflected by a surface. (Relegated to prescient of radiation reflected)

31
Q

What is the albedo effect?

A

An increase in the earths temperature causes ice to melt, so more radiation absorbed by earths surface, leading to further increases in temperature.
This is a positive feedback loop.

32
Q

What are some short term changes in climate?

A

10-100 years

  • volcanoes- more dust in the air inhibits suns energy from reaching an area causing short term cool down
  • El Nino- occurs every 3-7 years. Involves a change in prevailing winds that can cause changes in climate
33
Q

What are some impacts of climate change? (4)

A
  • rising sea levels- glaciers and ice sheets melting
  • impacts on agriculture- increased drought
  • impacts on ecosystems- loss in biodiversity
  • impacts on human, animal and plant health- pests and diseases
34
Q

How are sink holes created?

A

Permafrost (permanently frozen soil) is melting creating sink holes

35
Q

What is the albedo effect?

A

Less ice in the attic means less of the suns energy is being reflected back into space

36
Q

What ways can we study climate change?

A

Ice cores- ring air bubbles are tested for various gases

Tree rings- thickness of tree ring indicates the growing conditions. Warm and wet year= thick rings. Cold and dry=thin rings

Coral reef- layers give clues about temperature of the ocean

Rocks and fossils

37
Q

What ways do climate change in the Arctic impact the rest of the world?

A

Releases of carbon dioxide- tired in permafrost released as it melts

Biodiversity- breeding grounds in the arctic may move to different ecosystems

Shipping and transportation- polar ice caps melt be shorter travel less money and energy

Sea levels- melting ice raises the sea level

Ocean currents- fresh water from melting ice will flow into attic ocean causing the ocean currents to slow or stop

38
Q

What is the Kyoto protocol?

A

Plan with UN (united nations) for industrialized nations to reduce their GHG emissions by 5% by 2012

39
Q

What is the united framework convention on climate change?

A

The UNFCCC is an agreement by 192 countries to act to stabilize greenhouse emission. Created in 1992. each year they meet to discuss climate knew strategies the meetings are called COP (conference of the parties)

40
Q

Why doesn’t the earth constantly heat up if the sun constantly shines on it?

A

It is always balanced because 30% is being reflected and 70% is being absorbed

41
Q

What kind of energy (radiation) does the sun emit?

A

Thermal energy

42
Q

What kind of energy (radiation) does the earth radiate back into space?

A

Infrared radiation (IR)

43
Q

What is ice age?

A

Earth is colder and much of the planet is converted in ice water

44
Q

What is interglacial period?

A

Time between ice ages when earth warms up

45
Q

What is some evidence of climate change?

A
  • Ice sheets and glaciers melting
  • Species migrating
  • invasive species
46
Q

Why do climatologists need to use computer models to study climate?

A

To have a detailed model to predict what the climate would be like under certain circumstances

47
Q

What are 6 energy types?

A
  • fossil fuels
  • wind power
  • solar power
  • hydroelectricity
  • nuclear power
  • biomass energy
48
Q

What are some clean energy types?

A
  • hydroelectricity
  • biomass energy
  • solar power
  • wind power
49
Q

What is clean energy?

A

Clean energy is energy that produces non to little carbon emissions

Grade 10 Science (9 decks)

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