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Grade 10 Science > Biology Terms > Flashcards

Biology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Cell theory

A

Theory that all living things are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic unit of life, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

Prokaryote

A

Cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane/bound organelles

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3
Q

Eukaryote

A

Cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles, each surrounded by a thin membrane

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Cell structure that performs a specific function for the cell

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5
Q

DNA

A

The material in the nucleus of a cell that contains of the cells genetic information

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6
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Process of producing offspring from only one parent; production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

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7
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Process of producing offspring by the fusion of two gametes; the production of offspring that have genetic information from each parent

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

A transport mechanism for moving chemicals into and out of the cell, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of fluid, usually water, across a membrane toward an area of high solute concentration

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10
Q

Interphase

A

Phase of the cell cycle during which the cell performs its normal functions and its genetic material is copied in preparation for cell division

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11
Q

Mitosis

A

Stage of cell cycle in which DNA in the nucleus is divided the first part of the cell cycle

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12
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Stage in the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides to form two identical cells; the final part of cell division

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13
Q

Daughter cell

A

One of two genetically identical, new cells the result from the division of one parent

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14
Q

Prophase

A

First stage of mitosis, in which the chromosomes become visible and the nuclear membrane dissolves

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15
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structure in the cell nucleus made up of a portion of the cells DNA, condensed into a structure that is visible under a microscope

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16
Q

Chromatid

A

One of two identical strands of DNA that make up a chromosome

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17
Q

Centromere

A

The structure that holds chromatids together as chromosomes

18
Q

Metaphase

A

Second stage of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

19
Q

Anaphase

A

Third stage of mitosis, in which the sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes, and each move toward opposite ends of the cell

20
Q

Telophase

A

Final stage of mitosis, in which chromatids unwind and a nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes at each end of the cell

21
Q

Tumour

A

A mass of cells that continue to grow and divide without any obvious function in the body

22
Q

Benign tumour

A

A tumour that does not affect surrounding tissues other than by physically crowding them

23
Q

Malignant tumour

A

A tumour that interferes with the functioning of surrounding cells; a cancerous tumour

24
Q

Mutation

A

A random change in the DNA

25
Q

Carcinogens

A

Any environmental factor that causes cancer

26
Q

Pap test

A

Test that involves taking a sample of cervical cells to determine if they are growing abnormally

27
Q

Biophotonics

A

The technology of using light energy to diagnose, monitor, and treat living cells and organisms

28
Q

Specialized cell

A

A cell that can preform a specific function

29
Q

Hierarchy

A

Organizational structure, with more complex or important things at the top and simpler or less important things below it

30
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of similar cells that preform a particular, but limited, function

31
Q

Organ

A

A structure composed of different tissues working together to preform a complex body function

32
Q

Organ system

A

A system of one or more organs and structures that work together to preform a major vital body function such as digestion or reproduction

33
Q

Epithelial tissue (Epithelium)

A

A thin sheet of tightly packed cells that covers body surface and lines internal organs and body cavities

34
Q

Connective tissues

A

A specialized tissues that provides support and protection for various parts of the body

35
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Group of specialized tissues containing proteins that can contract and enable the body to move

36
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Specialized tissue that conducts electrical signals from one part of the body to another

37
Q

Cellular differentiation

A

The process by which a cell becomes specialized to preform a specific function

38
Q

Stem cell

A

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to form specialized cells

39
Q

Artery

A

A thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

40
Q

Vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

41
Q

Capillary

A

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that enables exchange of gasses, nutrients, and wastes between the blood and the body tissue

Grade 10 Science (9 decks)

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