CLIMATE ACTION (DHAAGA KHOLDIYA HU) Flashcards
Which act with the objective of providing the protection and improvement of the environment?
Environment (Protection) Act (EPA) , 1986
The roots of the enactment of the EPA lies in the
June, 1972 (Stockholm Conference)
Another name for Stockholm Conference
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in
1945
The EPA Act was enacted under ?? of the Indian Constitution which provides for the enactment of legislation for giving effect to international agreements
Article 253
__ of the Constitution specifies that the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
Article 48A
__ further provides that every citizen shall protect the environmen
Article 51A
It was established by the Central Government under the
The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997
____ was established for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010
India became the ?? country in the world to set up a specialised environmental tribuna
Third
after Australia and New Zealand
NGT gave judgment of complete prohibition on open burning of waste on lands, including landfills – regarded as the single biggest landmark case dealing with the issue of solid waste management in India. Name it?
2012 Almitra H. Patel vs. Union of India
In the ___ , the NGT suspended a ₹6,400-crore hydro project, to save the habitat of a bird
Save Mon Federation Vs Union of India case (2013)
The __ , which regulates activities along coastal stretches
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (1991)
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is celebrated on :
September 16
to commemorate the signing of the Montreal Protocol
___ was an international agreement in which United Nations members recognized the fundamental importance of preventing damage to the stratospheric ozone layer.
1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
* was signed by 197 parties in 1987 to control the use of ozone-depleting substances, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
A UN study , has shown that the ozone layer is recovering only at a rate of 1-3% per decade.
‘Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018’
World Ozone Day
(16 September)
The adoption of the ____ to the Montreal Protocol will phase down the production and consumption of some HFCs and avoid much of the projected global increase and associated climate change
2016 Kigali Amendment
Kigali Amendment was adopted in
On October 15, 2016
Kigali, Rwanda
The goal is to achieve over __ reduction in HFC consumption by ?? .
80% , 2047
The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is legally binding and will come into force from
January , 2019
In which SDG : to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
SDG 13
Which is an international treaty that aims to reduce the movement of hazardous waste between countries?
Basel Convention
Other name from Basel Convention
"”Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal””
Basel Convention was adopted on:
- adopted on March 22, 1989
- came into force in 1992
- during the Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Basel, Switzerland
Basel guidelines refer to broad supervisory banking standards formulated by the group of central banks called the
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS)
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) Secretariat is located at the:
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in Basel, Switzerland
Banks in India have to implement the ____ as per the guidelines issued by the RBI from time to time
Basel III norms (third in the series of Basel Accords)
Which covers pesticides and industrial chemicals that have been banned or severely restricted for health or environmental reasons by Parties and which have been notified by Parties for inclusion in the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure?
Rotterdam Convention
* adopted on 10th September 1998
* entered into force on 24th February 2004
* by a Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Which is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?
Stockholm Convention
* was opened for signature in 2001
* became effective in 2004
* in Stockholm (Sweden)
What is the designated interim financial mechanism for the Stockholm Convention?
Global Environmental Facility (GEF)
India ratified the Stockholm Convention in ___ as per ___
2006 , Article 25(4)
Which regulation inter alia prohibits the manufacture, trade, use, import and export of seven chemicals?
‘Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Rules, in 2018
Which regulation inter alia prohibits the manufacture, trade, use, import and export of seven chemicals?
‘Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Rules, in 2018
GEF was established with the
Rio Earth Summit of 1992
Headquarter: Washington, D.C., USA
The GEF is jointly managed by the :
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
- World Bank
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Which convention’s ultimate objective is “to achieve, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”?
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
* signed in 1992
* entered into force on March 21, 1994
* at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development / Rio Summit /Rio Conference
UNFCCC is the parent treaty of the
2015 Paris Agreement
The original secretariat was in
Geneva
From Geneva , it shifted to :
Bonn, Germany : 1996
____ defines the ___ as the “supreme body” of the Convention, as it is its highest decision-making authority
Article 7.2 , COP
UNFCC establishes how many bodies?
Two permanent subsidiary bodies (SBs)
* Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), by Article 9
* Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI), by Article 10
Who services the COP, the SBs, the Bureau and other bodies established by the COP?
The secretariat, also known as the Climate Change Secretariat
Who adopted a declaration that set out principles for the preservation and enhancement of the human environment, and an action plan containing recommendations for international environmental action?
World Climate Conference (WCC)
* also called UN Scientific Conference, also known as the First Earth Summit
* June 1972
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is adopted at the :
United Nations Headquarters in New York
Where did first COP happened?
Berlin, Germany
Which Protocol legally binds developed countries to emission reduction targets?
Kyoto Protocol
* COP 3 (Kyoto-Japan) , 1997
Which accord setting the stage for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol?
Marrakesh Accords
* COP 7 (Marrakesh-Morocco) , 2001
* formalized the agreement on operational rules for International Emissions Trading, the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation along with a compliance regime and accounting procedures
Which decleration focuses on the development needs of the poorest countries and the need for technology transfer for mitigating climate change?
The Delhi Declaration
* COP 8 (New Delhi-India) , 2002
Which accord led Developed countries pledge up to USD 30 billion in fast-start finance for the period 2010-2012?
Copenhagen Accord
* COP15 (Copenhagen) , 2009
Which agreement made comprehensive package by governments to assist developing nations in dealing with climate change?
Cancun Agreements
* COP 16 (Cancun) , 2010
When was Doha amendment adopted to Kyoto Protocol?
COP18 , (Doha) : 2012
In which COP was Paris Agreement adopted?
COP 21 (Paris) : 2015
* To keep global temperatures “well below” 2.0C (3.6F)
* Rich countries should help poorer nations by providing “climate finance”
* agreement requires rich nations to maintain a $100bn a year funding pledge beyond 2020
Which COP launched the Marrakech Partnership for Climate Action?
COP22 (Marrakech) , 2016
Which was the first COP to be hosted by a small-island developing state with ____ taking up the presidency, even though it was being held in Bonn?
COP23, Bonn (Germany) : 2017
* hosted by Fiji
Where was COP - 21 held?
COP 26, Glasgow (UK)
* net-zero target of 2070
* has urged countries to consider strengthening their 2030 targets by COP27 to be held in Egypt
* targeted global warming not to exceed +1.5°C
* for a “phase-down” of coal-based power
* achieve the target of climate financing USD 100 billion by 2023
Where is 2022 COP being held?
COP 27 Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
Which are emission control standards put in place by the government to keep a check on air pollution?
Bharat Stage (BS) VI
Which is a major initiative of the Government of India and State Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s energy security challenge?
National Solar Mission
Which is the international body for assessing the science related to climate change?
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in :
1988
»> by the :
* World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
* United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Who became the specialized agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences.’?
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
* Established by the ratification of the WMO Convention on 23rd March 1950
* is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
* India is a member of WMO
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) was originated from
International Meteorological Organization (IMO)
World Meteorological Day is celebrated globally on
23rd March
Theme : Early warning and early action - it emphasises the critical necessity of hydrometeorological and climate information for disaster risk reduction
Uttarakhand launched the ___ app to provide early warning of earthquakes in the state
‘Uttarakhand Earthquake Alert’
Which is the supreme body of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).?
World Meteorological Congress
____ is a government scheme that aims at promoting ocean research and setting up early warning weather systems
‘Ocean Services, Modelling, Application, Resources and Technology (O-SMART)’ Scheme
“Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now” is an initiative launched by
The UNFCCC Secretariat
Which is a legally binding treaty to conserve biodiversity has been in force since 1993?
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
International Biological Diversity Day is observed on
22 May
India enacted ?? for giving effect to the provisions of the CBD
Biological Diversity Act in 2002
WHich is a statutory body, which was established by the Central Government in ____ to implement India’s Biological Diversity Act (2002)?
National Biodiversity Authority , 2013
headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is based in ____ and it operates under the ??
- Montreal, Canada
- United Nations Environment Programme
Which provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD?
Nagoya Protocol
* 29 October 2010
* Nagoya, Japan
* at COP10
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is observed every year on
17th June
Which is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management?
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
* was established in 1994
The UNCCD collaborates closely with the other two Rio Conventions :
- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Which is a global effort to bring 150 million hectares of the world’s deforested and degraded land into restoration by 2020, and 350 million hectares by 2030?
Bonn Challenge
Which facilitates discussion, consultation and international cooperation on issues relating to the international trade and utilization of tropical timber and the sustainable management of its resource base?
The International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO)
* came into force in 1985
* became operational in 1987
The International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO) was established by
International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), 1983
When did India ratified ITTO?
1996
Which is considered by World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the top ten chemicals or groups of chemicals of major public health conce?
Mercury
Which is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury and its compounds?
Minamata Convention on Mercury
* Geneva, Switzerland 2013
* also raitifed by India
Which country is Ahead Of Deadline To Submit National Goals For Tracking Global Warming?
India
Which is the new bill passed by USA?
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) 2022
* with a focus on climate, healthcare and tax provisions to address inflation
* was passed by S. Senate
Which is the new bill passed by USA?
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) 2022
* with a focus on climate, healthcare and tax provisions to address inflation
* was passed by S. Senate
who is appointed as the new Executive Secretary of the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat based in Bonn, Germany?
Simon Stiell
by UN Secretary-General António Guterres
Which were were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity?
Sustainable Development Goals
What are the other name of Sustainable Development Goals?
Global Goals
How many SDGs are there ?
17
SD is defined as :
Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
This definition fo SD was given by :
Brundtland Commission in its report Our Common Future (1987)
Which was the first step towards putting environmental concerns on the global agenda?
Stockholm Conference,1972
Which was a direct consequence of the Brundtland Commission’s Report?
Earth Summit , 1992 in Rio De janerio
When was the first GSDR made by UN?
Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), 2019
* is entitled “The Future is Now: Science for Achieving Sustainable Development”
Which provides an overarching policy framework for all climate actions including mitigation and adaptation in India?
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was launched in
2008 by the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change
There are ?? national missions forming the core of the NAPCC
8
Which was launched under NAPCC in 2010 with the primary aim of achieving grid parity by 2022 and with coal-based thermal power by 2030?
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
WHich creates a market based mechanism to enhance cost effectiveness of improvements on energy efficiency in NAPCC?
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
* Based on the Energy Conservation Act, 2001
Which mission Plans to make urban areas more climate friendly and less susceptible to climate change by a multi-pronged approach to mitigate and adapt to it under NAPCC?
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
Which nsures better integrated water resource management leading to water conservation, less wastage, equitable distribution forming better policies under NAPCC?
National Water Mission
* governed by the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
Which Created to protect the Himalayan ecosystem. The mandate is to evolve measures to sustain and safeguard the Himalayan glaciers, mountain ecosystems, biodiversity and wildlife conservation & protection under NAPCC?
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
Which has the mandate of reviving degraded forest land with a focus on increasing forest cover & density and conserving biodiversity under NAPCC?
National Mission for Green India
Which works towards devising strategies to make Indian agriculture less susceptible to climate change under NAPCC?
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
Which identifies challenges and requisite responses to climate change under NAPCC?
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Which in an effort to advance domestic climate change research and capitalize on the nation’s climate change expertise?
Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) in October 2009
assess the causes&implications of climate change by scientific research
Who advocated resource conservation for the first time in a more systematic way in 1968?
Club of Rome
When was SDG adopted and came into effect?
Adopted in 2015
Came into effect in 2016
SDG 1
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
SDG 2
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
SDG 3
Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all stages
SDG 3
Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all stages
SDG 4
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
SDG 5
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
SDG 5
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
SDG 6
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
SDG 7
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
SDG 8
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
SDG 9
Built resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation
SDG 10
Reduce inequalities within and among countrie
SDG 11
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
SDG 12
Ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern
SDG 13
Take urgent actions to combat climate change and its impact
SDG 14
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources
SDG 14
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources
SDG 15
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably managed forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
SDG 16
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
SDG 17
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development
___ is a statutory body, which was established by the Central Government in 2003 to implement India’s Biological Diversity Act (2002)
National Biodiversity Authority
is headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP5) adopted a supplementary agreement to the Convention known as the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
* adopted on 29 January 2000
* came into force on 11 September 2003
seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology
