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science 10 > climate > Flashcards

climate Flashcards

1
Q

weather

A

specific conditions ina specific area

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2
Q

climate

A

average of weather ina specific area over the course of 30 years or more
- shows a trend

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3
Q

limits of tolerance

A

environmental conditions required for the survival of living things

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4
Q

optimum range

A

conditions favour survivability

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5
Q

zones of stress

A

conditions are survivable but not as successful/prefered

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6
Q

zones of intolerance

A

organisms cannot survive

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7
Q

the sun

A
  • energy travels in waves
  • the source of all energy on earth
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8
Q

biosphere

A
  • atmosphere
  • lithosphere
  • hydrosphere
    thin layer of earth that can support life
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9
Q

atmosphere

A

layer of gases
- exosphere
- thermosphere
- mesosphere
ozone layer
- stratosphere
- troposphere

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10
Q

air

A

n2 - 78%
o2 - 21%
co2, h20, ch4, noble gases - 1%

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11
Q

the hydrosphere

A

total amount of water on the planet
- solid
- liquid
- gas phases

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12
Q

the lithosphere

A

solid part of the earth

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13
Q

incoming solar radiation

A

solar energy is radiant energy that is transmitted as electromagnetic waves
* neglibible effect

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14
Q

lines of latitude

A
  • parallel to the equator
    equator: 0 degree latitude
    poles: 90 degree latitude
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15
Q

insolation

A

the amount of solar energy recieved by a region

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16
Q

angle of incidence

A

sun ray’s hit the earth at different angles
- this manipulates the intensity of energy
the angle at which the sun strikes the surface of the earth

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17
Q

angle of inclination

A
  • 23.5 degree tilt
  • affects hours of sunlight a region gets
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18
Q

seasons

A
  • due to the earths tilt
  • depend on the amount of sunlight and insolation
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19
Q

solstice

A
  • when the poles are tilted towards or away from the sun MOST
  • longest and shortest days of the year
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20
Q

equinox

A

the number of daylight and night hours are the same (12h)
march 21st and september 21st

21
Q

albedo

A

high: high reflectivity
low: low reflectivity

22
Q

net radiation budget

A

balance between incoming and outgoing energy
formula: incoming - outgoing
*entire earth should have NRB = 0

23
Q

the greenhouse effect

A
  • traps reflected heat energy
24
Q

greenhouse gases

A
  • methane
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrous oxide
  • water
  • ozone
  • increase temperature *
25
Q

CO2 in oceans

A

oceans become more acidic

26
Q

air convection currents

A

transfers heat by moving air or water particles from one location to another
- hot to cold

27
Q

coriolis effect

A

the deflection of wind and water from a stright line path by the rotation of the earth

28
Q

jet stream

A

high speed, high altitude winds moving from west to east

29
Q

ocean convection currents

A
  • NH: travels clockwise
  • SH: travels counter-clockwise
30
Q

heating curve of water

A
  • potential energy stored during phase changes
  • solid –> liquid at 0 degrees
  • liquid –> vapour at 100 degrees
31
Q

molar mass of water

A

18.02 g/mol

32
Q

biome

A

a community of plants and animals that share common characteristics for thier environment

33
Q

boreal forest

A

-10 to 20 degrees
ppt = 22 - 75 mm

34
Q

desert

A

12 to 35 degrees
ppt = 3 - 30 mm

35
Q

grassland

A

7 to 22 degrees
ppt = 40 - 100 mm

36
Q

temperate deciduos forest

A

7 to 25 degrees
ppt = 50 - 200 mm

37
Q

tropical rainforest

A

7 to 25 degrees
ppt = up to 300 mm

38
Q

tundra

A

-15 to 10 degrees
ppt = 18 - 80 mm

39
Q

ice core samples

A
  • how and why climate as changed
40
Q

tree ring analysis

A
  • shows yearly growth
41
Q

aerosols

A
  • small particles in the air that help with cloud formation and reflectivity
  • decrease temperature
42
Q

ozone depletion

A

increase temperature

43
Q

land use

A

decrease tempereature

44
Q

volcanic activity

A

negligible effect

45
Q

montreal protocol

A
  • 197 countries
  • to heal the ozone layer by using HFC’s instead of CFC’s
  • 1987
46
Q

kyoto protocol

A
  • 192 countries
  • emission reduction to reduce CO2
  • 1997 but began in 2005
47
Q

paris agreement

A
  • 195 countries
  • meeting every 5 years
  • keep global temp. below 2 degrees above pre-industrial levels
  • 2015
48
Q

european climate law

A
  • environmental protection laws
    -1970s

science 10 (7 decks)

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