chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
(history) food preservation
A
*preventing bacterial growth
ex.
-salting
- fermentation
- heating+freezing
- smoking
2
Q
(history) medicine
A
*medicine in nature
ex.
- stinging nettle
- juniper
- yarrow
- willow bark
3
Q
(history) metallurgy
A
*copper -> bronze -> iron ages
4
Q
annealing
A
heating/cooling metals to strengthen
5
Q
smelting
A
getting pure metal from ore (naturally occurring)
6
Q
biohazardous infectious materials (biohazard)
A
can cause diseases in animals or humans
7
Q
skull symbol
A
harmful or fatal
8
Q
circle fire symbol
A
may cause fire (the circle is oxygen)
9
Q
fire symbol
A
flammable if exposed to air or water
10
Q
human explosion symbol
A
health hazard
11
Q
dead fish symbol
A
harmful to the environment
12
Q
exclamation mark symbol
A
harmful to skin/eyes/respiratory system
fatal in large quantaties
13
Q
cylinder symbol
A
gas under pressure (hairspray can)
14
Q
melting hand symbol
A
causes severe skin burns/eye damage
(corrosion)
15
Q
exploding symbol
A
explosion hazard
16
Q
matter
A
has mass and takes up space
17
Q
the atom
A
smallest particle of matter
18
Q
DALTON
A
1st.
billiard ball model
*all matter is made up of atoms
19
Q
THOMSON
A
2nd.
plum pudding model
- electrons are like crumbs in positive jello
- cathode ray tube
20
Q
RUTHERFORD
A
3rd.
nuclear model
- the big bang theory intro
- discovers the nucleus/mass of an atom
- gold foil experiment
21
Q
BOHR
A
4th.
energy levels
- like a stadium
- electrons surround the nucleus
- gold foil experiment
22
Q
QUANTUM
A
5th.
electron clouds
-shading from the middle
23
Q
proton
A
positive charge (p+)
in the nucleus
24
Q
neutron
A
neutral charge (n)
in the nucleus
25
electron
negative charge (e-)
orbits the nucleus
NO MASS
26
alkali metals
group 1
- soluble + conductive
27
alkaline earth metals
group 2
- conductive + soluble
28
halogens
group 17
- low solubility + conductivity
29
noble gases
group 18
- soluble + conductive
30
transition metals
group 3 - staircase
31
non-metals
everything on the right side of the staircase
- (g), (s), (l)
- not shiny
- bad conductors /low solubility
32
metals
everything on the left side of the staircase
- (s)
- conductive + soluble
- shiny
33
metalloids
neither metals or non-metals
- have characteristics of both
34
lanthanides
the first column under
35
actinides
the second column under
36
nuclear notation for atoms
a X
z
---------------------------------------
a=mass # (protons + neutrons)
z=atomic # (protons)
X=element symbol
37
stability in atoms
atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to become stable
38
ions
charged atoms
39
cation
positively charged ion
(add ion to the element)
40
anion
negatively charged ion
(replace with "ide")
41
atoms
- neutral
- smallest particle of matter
- not always stable
- p+ in the nucleus = e- surrounding the nucleus
42
ionic compounds
opposite charges are electrostatically attracted to eachother
- crystal lattice
- transfer of electrons
43
multivalent metal
- more than one possible charge
ex. Fe (II) Fe (III)
44
polyatomic ions
- made up of a group of atoms
- positive or negative charge
45
conductivity
- high # of ions = high solubility = high conductivity
- low # of ions = low solubility = low conductivity
46
molecular compounds
- non-metals only
- share valence electrons
- low solubility + bad conductors
47
covalent bond
-sharing valence electrons
48
non-metals
- non-metal atoms bonded together creates a molecule of that compound
49
acids
- molecular compound
- produces H+ in water
- soluble/conductive
- below 7
- (aq)
50
bases
- ionic compound
- contains the hydroxide ion (OH-) in water
- (aq) in solution
- high solubility + conductivity
51
formula unit
- snallest whole # ratio of cation to anion
52
high solubility/conductivity
- nigh number of ions in solution
53
low solubility/conductivity
- low umber of ions in solution
54
neutralization
- ACID + BASE combine to make water (h2o)
- double replacement reaction
55
photosynthesis
- endothermic
56
cellular respiration
- exothermic
57
chemical change
- new substance is created
- light and heat energy produced
- bubbles
- colour change
- new odour
58
law of conservation of mass
- matter is neither created or destroyed
- equal # of atoms on each side of the equation
59
exothermic
- gives off heat/energy
60
endothermic
- surroundings get colder
- absorbs energy
61
mole
6.02 x 10 23
62
particles
- molecules
- atoms
- formula unit
63
all atoms of the same element
have the same # of protons
64
*preventing bacterial growth
ex.
-salting
- fermentation
- heating+freezing
- smoking
(history) food preservation
65
*medicine in nature
ex.
- stinging nettle
- juniper
- yarrow
- willow bark
(history) medicine
66
*copper -> bronze -> iron ages
(history) metallurgy
67
heating/cooling metals to strengthen
annealing
68
getting pure metal from ore (naturally occurring)
smelting
69
can cause diseases in animals or humans
biohazardous infectious materials (biohazard)
70
harmful or fatal
skull symbol
71
may cause fire (the circle is oxygen)
circle fire symbol
72
flammable if exposed to air or water
fire symbol
73
health hazard
human explosion symbol
74
harmful to the environment
dead fish symbol
75
harmful to skin/eyes/respiratory system
fatal in large quantaties
exclamation mark symbol
76
gas under pressure (hairspray can)
cylinder symbol
77
causes severe skin burns/eye damage
(corrosion)
melting hand symbol
78
explosion hazard
exploding symbol
79
has mass and takes up space
matter
80
smallest particle of matter
the atom
81
1st.
billiard ball model
*all matter is made up of atoms
DALTON
82
2nd.
plum pudding model
- electrons are like crumbs in positive jello
- cathode ray tube
THOMSON
83
3rd.
nuclear model
- the big bang theory intro
- discovers the nucleus/mass of an atom
- gold foil experiment
RUTHERFORD
84
4th.
energy levels
- like a stadium
- electrons surround the nucleus
- hydrogen emission spectrum
BOHR
85
5th.
electron clouds
-shading from the middle
QUANTUM
86
positive charge (p+)
in the nucleus
proton
87
neutral charge (n)
in the nucleus
neutron
88
negative charge (e-)
orbits the nucleus
NO MASS
electron
89
group 1
- soluble + conductive
alkali metals
90
group 2
- conductive + soluble
alkaline earth metals
91
group 17
- low solubility + conductivity
halogens
92
group 18
- soluble + conductive
noble gases
93
group 3 - staircase
transition metals
94
everything on the right side of the staircase
- (g), (s), (l)
- not shiny
- bad conductors /low solubility
non-metals
95
everything on the left side of the staircase
- (s)
- conductive + soluble
- shiny
metals
96
neither metals or non-metals
- have characteristics of both
metalloids
97
the first column under
lanthanides
98
the second column under
actinides
99
a X
z
---------------------------------------
a=mass # (protons + neutrons)
z=atomic # (protons)
X=element symbol
nuclear notation for atoms
100
atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to become stable
stability in atoms
101
charged atoms
ions
102
positively charged ion
(add ion to the element)
cation
103
negatively charged ion
(replace with "ide")
anion
104
- neutral
- smallest particle of matter
- not always stable
- p+ in the nucleus = e- surrounding the nucleus
atoms
105
opposite charges are electrostatically attracted to eachother
- crystal lattice
- transfer of electrons
ionic compounds
106
- more than one possible charge
ex. Fe (II) Fe (III)
multivalent metal
107
- made up of a group of atoms
- positive or negative charge
polyatomic ions
108
- high # of ions = high solubility = high conductivity
- low # of ions = low solubility = low conductivity
conductivity
109
- non-metals only
- share valence electrons
- low solubility + bad conductors
molecular compounds
110
-sharing valence electrons
covalent bond
111
- non-metal atoms bonded together creates a molecule of that compound
non-metals
112
- molecular compound
- produces H+ in water
- soluble/conductive
- below 7
- (aq)
acids
113
- ionic compound
- contains the hydroxide ion (OH-) in water
- (aq) in solution
- high solubility + conductivity
bases
114
- snallest whole # ratio of cation to anion
formula unit
115
- nigh number of ions in solution
high solubility/conductivity
116
- low umber of ions in solution
low solubility/conductivity
117
- ACID + BASE combine to make water (h2o)
- double replacement reaction
neutralization
118
- endothermic
photosynthesis
119
- exothermic
cellular respiration
120
- new substance is created
- light and heat energy produced
- bubbles
- colour change
- new odour
chemical change
121
- matter is neither created or destroyed
- equal # of atoms on each side of the equation
law of conservation of mass
122
- gives off heat/energy
exothermic
123
- surroundings get colder
- absorbs energy
endothermic
124
6.02 x 10 23
mole
125
- molecules
- atoms
- formula unit
particles
126
have the same # of protons
all atoms of the same element
