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chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

(history) food preservation

A

*preventing bacterial growth
ex.
-salting
- fermentation
- heating+freezing
- smoking

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2
Q

(history) medicine

A

*medicine in nature
ex.
- stinging nettle
- juniper
- yarrow
- willow bark

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3
Q

(history) metallurgy

A

*copper -> bronze -> iron ages

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4
Q

annealing

A

heating/cooling metals to strengthen

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5
Q

smelting

A

getting pure metal from ore (naturally occurring)

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6
Q

biohazardous infectious materials (biohazard)

A

can cause diseases in animals or humans

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7
Q

skull symbol

A

harmful or fatal

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8
Q

circle fire symbol

A

may cause fire (the circle is oxygen)

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9
Q

fire symbol

A

flammable if exposed to air or water

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10
Q

human explosion symbol

A

health hazard

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11
Q

dead fish symbol

A

harmful to the environment

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12
Q

exclamation mark symbol

A

harmful to skin/eyes/respiratory system
fatal in large quantaties

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13
Q

cylinder symbol

A

gas under pressure (hairspray can)

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14
Q

melting hand symbol

A

causes severe skin burns/eye damage
(corrosion)

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15
Q

exploding symbol

A

explosion hazard

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16
Q

matter

A

has mass and takes up space

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17
Q

the atom

A

smallest particle of matter

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18
Q

DALTON

A

1st.
billiard ball model

*all matter is made up of atoms

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19
Q

THOMSON

A

2nd.
plum pudding model
- electrons are like crumbs in positive jello
- cathode ray tube

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20
Q

RUTHERFORD

A

3rd.
nuclear model
- the big bang theory intro
- discovers the nucleus/mass of an atom
- gold foil experiment

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21
Q

BOHR

A

4th.
energy levels
- like a stadium
- electrons surround the nucleus
- gold foil experiment

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22
Q

QUANTUM

A

5th.
electron clouds
-shading from the middle

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23
Q

proton

A

positive charge (p+)
in the nucleus

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24
Q

neutron

A

neutral charge (n)
in the nucleus

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25
Q

electron

A

negative charge (e-)
orbits the nucleus
NO MASS

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26
Q

alkali metals

A

group 1
- soluble + conductive

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27
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

group 2
- conductive + soluble

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28
Q

halogens

A

group 17
- low solubility + conductivity

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29
Q

noble gases

A

group 18
- soluble + conductive

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30
Q

transition metals

A

group 3 - staircase

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31
Q

non-metals

A

everything on the right side of the staircase
- (g), (s), (l)
- not shiny
- bad conductors /low solubility

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32
Q

metals

A

everything on the left side of the staircase
- (s)
- conductive + soluble
- shiny

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33
Q

metalloids

A

neither metals or non-metals
- have characteristics of both

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34
Q

lanthanides

A

the first column under

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35
Q

actinides

A

the second column under

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36
Q

nuclear notation for atoms

A

a X
z
—————————————
a=mass # (protons + neutrons)
z=atomic # (protons)
X=element symbol

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37
Q

stability in atoms

A

atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to become stable

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38
Q

ions

A

charged atoms

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39
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion
(add ion to the element)

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40
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion
(replace with “ide”)

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41
Q

atoms

A
  • neutral
  • smallest particle of matter
  • not always stable
  • p+ in the nucleus = e- surrounding the nucleus
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42
Q

ionic compounds

A

opposite charges are electrostatically attracted to eachother
- crystal lattice
- transfer of electrons

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43
Q

multivalent metal

A
  • more than one possible charge
    ex. Fe (II) Fe (III)
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44
Q

polyatomic ions

A
  • made up of a group of atoms
  • positive or negative charge
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45
Q

conductivity

A
  • high # of ions = high solubility = high conductivity
  • low # of ions = low solubility = low conductivity
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46
Q

molecular compounds

A
  • non-metals only
  • share valence electrons
  • low solubility + bad conductors
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47
Q

covalent bond

A

-sharing valence electrons

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48
Q

non-metals

A
  • non-metal atoms bonded together creates a molecule of that compound
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49
Q

acids

A
  • molecular compound
  • produces H+ in water
  • soluble/conductive
  • below 7
  • (aq)
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50
Q

bases

A
  • ionic compound
  • contains the hydroxide ion (OH-) in water
  • (aq) in solution
  • high solubility + conductivity
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51
Q

formula unit

A
  • snallest whole # ratio of cation to anion
52
Q

high solubility/conductivity

A
  • nigh number of ions in solution
53
Q

low solubility/conductivity

A
  • low umber of ions in solution
54
Q

neutralization

A
  • ACID + BASE combine to make water (h2o)
  • double replacement reaction
55
Q

photosynthesis

A
  • endothermic
56
Q

cellular respiration

A
  • exothermic
57
Q

chemical change

A
  • new substance is created
  • light and heat energy produced
  • bubbles
  • colour change
  • new odour
58
Q

law of conservation of mass

A
  • matter is neither created or destroyed
  • equal # of atoms on each side of the equation
59
Q

exothermic

A
  • gives off heat/energy
60
Q

endothermic

A
  • surroundings get colder
  • absorbs energy
61
Q

mole

A

6.02 x 10 23

62
Q

particles

A
  • molecules
  • atoms
  • formula unit
63
Q

all atoms of the same element

A

have the same # of protons

64
Q

*preventing bacterial growth
ex.
-salting
- fermentation
- heating+freezing
- smoking

A

(history) food preservation

65
Q

*medicine in nature
ex.
- stinging nettle
- juniper
- yarrow
- willow bark

A

(history) medicine

66
Q

*copper -> bronze -> iron ages

A

(history) metallurgy

67
Q

heating/cooling metals to strengthen

A

annealing

68
Q

getting pure metal from ore (naturally occurring)

A

smelting

69
Q

can cause diseases in animals or humans

A

biohazardous infectious materials (biohazard)

70
Q

harmful or fatal

A

skull symbol

71
Q

may cause fire (the circle is oxygen)

A

circle fire symbol

72
Q

flammable if exposed to air or water

A

fire symbol

73
Q

health hazard

A

human explosion symbol

74
Q

harmful to the environment

A

dead fish symbol

75
Q

harmful to skin/eyes/respiratory system
fatal in large quantaties

A

exclamation mark symbol

76
Q

gas under pressure (hairspray can)

A

cylinder symbol

77
Q

causes severe skin burns/eye damage
(corrosion)

A

melting hand symbol

78
Q

explosion hazard

A

exploding symbol

79
Q

has mass and takes up space

A

matter

80
Q

smallest particle of matter

A

the atom

81
Q

1st.
billiard ball model

*all matter is made up of atoms

A

DALTON

82
Q

2nd.
plum pudding model
- electrons are like crumbs in positive jello
- cathode ray tube

A

THOMSON

83
Q

3rd.
nuclear model
- the big bang theory intro
- discovers the nucleus/mass of an atom
- gold foil experiment

A

RUTHERFORD

84
Q

4th.
energy levels
- like a stadium
- electrons surround the nucleus
- hydrogen emission spectrum

A

BOHR

85
Q

5th.
electron clouds
-shading from the middle

A

QUANTUM

86
Q

positive charge (p+)
in the nucleus

A

proton

87
Q

neutral charge (n)
in the nucleus

A

neutron

88
Q

negative charge (e-)
orbits the nucleus
NO MASS

A

electron

89
Q

group 1
- soluble + conductive

A

alkali metals

90
Q

group 2
- conductive + soluble

A

alkaline earth metals

91
Q

group 17
- low solubility + conductivity

A

halogens

92
Q

group 18
- soluble + conductive

A

noble gases

93
Q

group 3 - staircase

A

transition metals

94
Q

everything on the right side of the staircase
- (g), (s), (l)
- not shiny
- bad conductors /low solubility

A

non-metals

95
Q

everything on the left side of the staircase
- (s)
- conductive + soluble
- shiny

A

metals

96
Q

neither metals or non-metals
- have characteristics of both

A

metalloids

97
Q

the first column under

A

lanthanides

98
Q

the second column under

A

actinides

99
Q

a X
z
—————————————
a=mass # (protons + neutrons)
z=atomic # (protons)
X=element symbol

A

nuclear notation for atoms

100
Q

atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to become stable

A

stability in atoms

101
Q

charged atoms

A

ions

102
Q

positively charged ion
(add ion to the element)

A

cation

103
Q

negatively charged ion
(replace with “ide”)

A

anion

104
Q
  • neutral
  • smallest particle of matter
  • not always stable
  • p+ in the nucleus = e- surrounding the nucleus
A

atoms

105
Q

opposite charges are electrostatically attracted to eachother
- crystal lattice
- transfer of electrons

A

ionic compounds

106
Q
  • more than one possible charge
    ex. Fe (II) Fe (III)
A

multivalent metal

107
Q
  • made up of a group of atoms
  • positive or negative charge
A

polyatomic ions

108
Q
  • high # of ions = high solubility = high conductivity
  • low # of ions = low solubility = low conductivity
A

conductivity

109
Q
  • non-metals only
  • share valence electrons
  • low solubility + bad conductors
A

molecular compounds

110
Q

-sharing valence electrons

A

covalent bond

111
Q
  • non-metal atoms bonded together creates a molecule of that compound
A

non-metals

112
Q
  • molecular compound
  • produces H+ in water
  • soluble/conductive
  • below 7
  • (aq)
A

acids

113
Q
  • ionic compound
  • contains the hydroxide ion (OH-) in water
  • (aq) in solution
  • high solubility + conductivity
A

bases

114
Q
  • snallest whole # ratio of cation to anion
A

formula unit

115
Q
  • nigh number of ions in solution
A

high solubility/conductivity

116
Q
  • low umber of ions in solution
A

low solubility/conductivity

117
Q
  • ACID + BASE combine to make water (h2o)
  • double replacement reaction
A

neutralization

118
Q
  • endothermic
A

photosynthesis

119
Q
  • exothermic
A

cellular respiration

120
Q
  • new substance is created
  • light and heat energy produced
  • bubbles
  • colour change
  • new odour
A

chemical change

121
Q
  • matter is neither created or destroyed
  • equal # of atoms on each side of the equation
A

law of conservation of mass

122
Q
  • gives off heat/energy
A

exothermic

123
Q
  • surroundings get colder
  • absorbs energy
A

endothermic

124
Q

6.02 x 10 23

A

mole

125
Q
  • molecules
  • atoms
  • formula unit
A

particles

126
Q

have the same # of protons

A

all atoms of the same element

science 10 (7 decks)

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