bio A2

Question 1

Organelle:

Answer 1

Small structure in a cell surrounded by membrane

Question 2

Cell membrane:

Answer 2

Protective barrier
Transport of material (in and out)
The skin of the cell
“plasma membrane”
Made up of phospholipids

Question 3

Cytoplasm:

Answer 3

Supports and protects the cell
Contains nutrients
Like jello

Question 4

Nucleus:

Answer 4

Contains DNA
Directs all cellular activity
Transport of materials
Like brain

Question 5

Lysosomes:

Answer 5

Animal cells only
breaks down large cellular molecules
Contains digestive enzymes
Like stomach of the cell

Question 6

Digestive enzymes:

Answer 6

Chemicals responsible for breaking down molecules

Question 7

vesicle/vacuole:

Answer 7

Store food, waste and water
Plant cells contain 1 large central vacuole
Animal cells contain vesicles
Vesicle- small
Vacuole- big

Question 8

Mitochondria:

Answer 8

Has internal membranes
Site of cellular respiration
Breaks down glucose → water, co2, ATP

Question 9

ATP:

Answer 9

Energy for cells

Question 10

Endoplasmic reticulum:

Answer 10

Folded membranes
Rough- contains ribosomes
Smooth- produces lipids

Question 11

Ribosome:

Answer 11

Can exist on the roughER or in the cytoplasm
Site of protein synthesis
Like factory workers

Question 12

Golgi apparatus:

Answer 12

Folded membranes
Packages, labels, and inspects proteins
Transports to the rest of the cell OR out
Site of lysosome production
Acts like post office

Question 13

Cell wall:

Answer 13

Plant cells only
Rigid frame around the cell
Made of cellulose
Protection and structural support

Question 14

Chloroplast:

Answer 14

Plant cells only
Contains chlorophyll
Site of photosynthesis

Question 15

Cilia:

Answer 15

Helps with cell movement and feeding
(little spikes on the ouside)

Question 16

Flagella:

Answer 16

Mostly seen in bacterial cells

Question 17

Plant cells:

Answer 17

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
No lysosomes
1 large vacuole

Question 18

Animal cells:

Answer 18

No cell wall
No chloroplast
Lysosomes
Many small vesicles

Question 19

selectively permeable:

Answer 19

Allows some substances to pass in and out
Prevents other substances from entering
(living)

Question 20

semi permeable:

Answer 20

Not a biological barrier
(non-living)

Question 21

Phospholipids:

Answer 21

Phosphate (polar) and lipid (hydrophobic)

Question 22

Phospholipid bilayer:

Answer 22

The plasma membrane which is composed of two layers of phospholipids
Proteins are found on the outside, inside or through the layer

Question 23

Peripheral proteins:

Answer 23

On the membranes surface

Question 24

integral proteins:

Answer 24

Extend across the entire bilayer
Ex. channel and carrier proteins

Question 25

Channel proteins:

Answer 25

Tunnels through the membrane
Filter and transport proteins based on size and charge

Question 26

carrier proteins:

Answer 26

Extends across the entire membrane
Change shape in order to transport molecules

Question 27

Homeostasis:

Answer 27

Keeps life in balance considering physical and internal conditions
Transportation of gases and nutrients

Question 28

Cells:

Answer 28

The smallest functional unit of life

Question 29

Open system:

Answer 29

Mass in mass out
Energy in energy out

Question 30

passive transport:

Answer 30

Movement of substances from high to low concentration
Does not require energy
1. Simple diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Osmosis

Question 31

simple diffusion:

Answer 31

movement of solute from an area of high to low concentration
membrane must be permeable
no transport proteins are needed

Question 32

facilitated diffusion:

Answer 32

movement of solute from high to low concentration
required channel proteins
membrane is impermeable due to its large size

Question 33

osmosis:

Answer 33

the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
from high to low concentration

Question 34

extracellular fluid

Answer 34

ECF
outside the cell

Question 35

hypertonic:

Answer 35

outside has more solute than inside

Question 36

hypotonic:

Answer 36

outside has less solute than inside

Question 37

isotonic:

Answer 37

both inside and outside of the cell have an equal amount of solute