Clicker and PPT questions Flashcards
What does is mean when a characteristic is normally distributed?
Most people are about average
The further away from average you get in either direction, the fewer people there are in that range
Both A and B
Both A and B
According to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ perspective, there are no universal standards for labeling a behavior as abnormal. Instead, behaviors can only be judged as normal or abnormal relative to societal norms. Cultural relativism Unusualness Distress Deviance
Cultural relativism
Which of the following psychological disorders illustrates a problem with using the personal distress criterion to decide whether a behavior is abnormal? Depression Panic disorder Mania Phobia
Mania
According to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ perspective, intellectual genius is just as abnormal as intellectual disability. Cultural relativist Unusualness Distress Mental Illness
Unusualness
Which part of the neuron releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft? Dendrite Cell body Axon Terminal button
Terminal button
What is the term for wave of electricity that sweeps down the axon and causes terminal button to release neurotransmitter? Presynaptic potential Postsynaptic potential Action potential Refractory period
Action potential
When the neuron is at rest, the inside of the cell is _____ .
Electrically neutral
Positively charged, relative to the outside
Negatively charged, relative to the outside
Negatively charged, relative to the outside
Which part of the brain generates emotional responses? Brain stem Limbic system Cerebral cortex Cerebellum
Limbic system
Which part of the brain plays an important role in learning and memory? Brain stem Corpus callosum Hippocampus Amygdala
Hippocampus
Which part of the brain plays a very important role in problem solving, judgment, and emotion regulation? The amygdala The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex The thalamus The medulla
The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the fight-or-flight response? Rapid heart beat Relaxed bronchi Constricted pupils Increased levels of epinephrine
Constricted pupils
Which of the following is a phenotype? Height Intelligence Extraversion All of the above
Height
In the Sunflower Example, which group of flowers had greater variability regarding the environmental factors that could influence flower growth?
Yard group
Flower pot group
Yard group
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Highly heritable traits cannot be modified by environmental factors
If the heritability of height is 90%, and I am 72 inches tall, this means that I got 64.8 inches from my genes. (Hint: .90 x 72 = 64.8)
If the heritability of IQ is 75%, this means that individual differences in IQ are more strongly influenced by genetics than environmental factors.
All of the above
If the heritability of IQ is 75%, this means that individual differences in IQ are more strongly influenced by genetics than environmental factors
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Environmental factors influence the expression of genes
Genetic factors influence the particular environments to which we are exposed
Both A and B
Both A and B
At last week’s Jimmy Buffet concert, you had one too many strawberry margaritas and spent the rest of the night throwing up. At today’s family picnic, Aunt Mary offers you a strawberry smoothie. Although the beverage contains no alcohol, the mere smell of the drink makes you nauseous.
What is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?
The alcohol in the margaritas
The taste/smell of strawberry
The nausea you felt in response to the alcohol in the margaritas
The nausea you felt in response to strawberry smoothie
The alcohol in the margaritas
At last week’s Jimmy Buffet concert, you had one too many strawberry margaritas and spent the rest of the night throwing up. At today’s family picnic, Aunt Mary offers you a strawberry smoothie. Although the beverage contains no alcohol, the mere smell of the drink makes you nauseeous
What is the unconditioned response in this example?
The alcohol in the margaritas
The taste/smell of strawberry
The nausea you felt in response to the alcohol in the margaritas
The nausea you felt in response to strawberry smoothie
The nausea you felt in response to the alcohol in the margaritas
At last week’s Jimmy Buffet concert, you had one too many strawberry margaritas and spent the rest of the night throwing up. At today’s family picnic, Aunt Mary offers you a strawberry smoothie. Although the beverage contains no alcohol, the mere smell of the drink makes you nauseous
What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?
The alcohol in the margaritas
The taste/smell of strawberry
The nausea you felt in response to the alcohol in the margaritas
The nausea you felt in response to strawberry smoothie
The taste/smell of strawberry
At last week’s Jimmy Buffet concert, you had one too many strawberry margaritas and spent the rest of the night throwing up. At today’s family picnic, Aunt Mary offers you a strawberry smoothie. Although the beverage contains no alcohol, the mere smell of the drink makes you nauseous
What is the conditioned response in this example?
The alcohol in the margaritas
The taste/smell of strawberry
The nausea you felt in response to the alcohol in the margaritas
The nausea you felt in response to strawberry smoothie
The nausea you felt in response to strawberry smoothie
During his last dental visit, Sam had a root canal. The experience was fairly painful. Even though he is only scheduled to have a check-up and cleaning today, Sam finds that he is nervous about going to the dentist. In Sam’s case, the dentist’s office is \_\_\_\_\_. A conditioned stimulus An unconditioned stimulus A conditioned response An unconditioned response
A conditioned stimulus
The last time Emily went to the doctor, she received a painful injection. Emily now finds that she feels nervous in the dentist’s office, the optometrist’s office, and her children’s pediatrician’s office. Emily is experiencing \_\_\_\_\_. Stimulus generalization Stimulus control Stimulus contagion Stimulus removal
Stimulus generalization
When my kids behave badly, I turn off the TV. This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_. A. Positive reinforcement B. (Positive) punishment C. Negative reinforcement D. (Negative) punishment
(Negative) punishment
Stephanie is addicted to caffeine. When she doesn’t have her morning cup of coffee, she gets a terrible headache. When she drinks a Diet Coke, this headache goes away. The cessation of headache pain is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. (Positive) punishment D. (Negative) punishment
Negative reinforcement
Five-year-old Molly doesn’t like to go to bed. When her mom tells her that it’s bedtime, Molly begins to cry and whine. If Molly’s mom wants to extinguish Molly’s whining behavior, what is the WORST thing she can do?
punish Molly for whining by spanking her
punish Molly for whining by taking away her favorite stuffed animal
“give in” and let Molly stay up later some of the time that she whines
“give in” and let Molly stay up later some of the time that she whines
Which of the following statements about schemas if FALSE?
Schemas influence what we pay attention to
Schemas influence how we interpret events
Schemas influence what we remember
None of the above
None of the above
Karen believes that global warming is a conspiracy promoted by liberal academics. She listens to a radio debate by two experts, one supporting the existence of global warming and one refuting its existence. Based upon what you have learned thus far, Karen will demonstrate better recall for _____.
A. The arguments supporting global warming
B. The arguments refuting global warming
B. The arguments refuting global warming
I attribute the fact that a student fell asleep during my class to the fact that I have a boring personality. This attribution is \_\_\_\_\_. A. global B. specific
global
I attribute the fact that a student fell asleep during my class to the fact that I did not do a good job preparing my lecture. This attribution is _____.
A. stable
B. unstable
unstable
The Stem Completion Task has been used to study \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Schemas Explicit memory The confirmation bias Implicit memory
Implicit memory
Which of the following is an example of categorical classification?
Ranking students according to their blood sugar levels
Ranking students according to their body mass index
Classifying students as either having or not having diabetes
Ranking students according to their self-reported anxiety levels (on a scale of 0 to 100).
Classifying students as either having or not having diabetes
Samantha has been having problems with anxiety. She visits Dr. Smith, who tells her that she has panic disorder. Wanting a second opinion, Samantha also visits Dr. Jones (Note: Samantha’s symptoms have not changed since her visit with Dr. Smith.) Dr. Jones tells Samantha that she has bipolar disorder. This situation suggests that the diagnostic procedure used by Samantha’s doctors lacks \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. inter-rater reliability test-rest reliability alternate forms reliability internal consistency reliability
inter-rater reliability
The NEO PI-R is a psychological test that measures personality traits such as conscientiousness. Research has shown that people score similarly on administrations of the test given 6 years apart. These data indicate that the NEO PI-R has \_\_\_\_\_. inter-rater reliability test-rest reliability alternate forms reliability internal consistency reliability
test-rest reliability
You are a psychologist working in private practice. You have just received your monthly catalogue from PsychCorp, a company that publishes psychological tests. You read about a new pencil-and-paper measure, called the Self-Harm Inventory, that measures risk for suicide. The catalogue tells you that research has shown that individuals who score high on this test were more likely to attempt suicide in the 4 weeks following the test than low-scorers. This research suggests that the Self-Harm Inventory \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Has predictive validity Has concurrent validity Has content validity All of the above
Has predictive validity
You conduct a study in which participants come to your lab and fill out a survey. The survey includes a question asking participants to write down how much they weigh. After each participant finishes the survey, you ask him/her to step on a scale. You find that there is a high positive correlation between self-reported body weight and weight as measured by the scale. You have demonstrated that self-report of weight has good \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Predictive validity Content validity Concurrent validity Inter-rater reliability
Concurrent validity
Can a test have reliability without also having validity?
Yes
No
Yes
Can a test have validity without also having reliability?
Yes
No
No
Which type of clinical interview tends to be more reliable?
Unstructured
Structured
Structured
Sarah smiles and laughs while telling you about her mother’s recent death. Sarah is demonstrating \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Flat affect Inappropriate affect Depressed mood Inappropriate mood
Inappropriate affect
When you wake up in the ER, the doctor asks you to tell her your name. She also asks you if you know where you are, and what today’s date is. The doctor is evaluating your \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Thought process Intellectual functioning Sensorium Mood
Sensorium
Psychological tests such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test are based on the \_\_\_\_\_ hypothesis. Empirical Projective Rational Emotional
Projective
Which of the following statements best describes the empirical approach to test development?
Test developers rely on the hypothesis that individuals attribute their own characteristics to test stimuli.
Test developers collect and evaluate data to see which items discriminate individuals with a certain disorder from individuals without that disorder.
Test developers rely on their own personal experiences to determine whether an individual’s responses to test items are normal or abnormal.
none of the above
Test developers collect and evaluate data to see which items discriminate individuals with a certain disorder from individuals without that disorder.
Which of the following individuals might produce an MMPI-2 profile with a high F score?
A mother in the midst of a divorce who is trying to get custody of her kids
A man who has been charged with attempted murder and wants to appear insane
A patient who got bored and sleepy during the test and stopped paying attention
Both B and C
Both B and C
Which of the following individuals might produce an MMPI-2 profile with a high L score?
A woman who has been charged with murder an is attempting to plead NGRI
A man whose native language is Spanish
A man whose medication has made him sleepy
A woman who is in the midst of a custody dispute with her ex-husband
A woman who is in the midst of a custody dispute with her ex-husband
The _______________ focuses exclusively on maladaptive thought patterns.
MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2)
DAS (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale)
SCL 90-R (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised)
BDI (Beck Depression Inventory)
DAS (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale)
Which of the following is scored in reference to norms?
MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2)
SCL 90-R (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised)
Both of the above
Both of the above
Which of the following focuses on a broad range of symptoms or characteristics?
BDI (Beck Depression Inventory)
SCL 90-R (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised)
MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2)
Both B and C
Both B and C
Which of the following has been found to discriminate between depressed and non depressed individuals?
MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2)
DAS (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale)
SCL 90-R (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised)
All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following statements about intelligence tests if FALSE?
Scores on intelligence tests do not accurately predict school performance
Intelligence tests can be used to diagnose intellectual disability
Intelligence tests assess several aspects of intellectual ability (e.g., concentration, abstract thinking, speed of processing)
The mean score on the two most common intelligence tests is 100
Scores on intelligence tests do not accurately predict school performance
Rose is participating in some psychological testing. The examiner has asked Rose to name as many animals as she can think of that begin with the letter D. Rose is participating in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The DAS (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale) Cognitive style testing Personality testing Neuropsychological Testing
Neuropsychological Testing
Jim is self-monitoring the frequency with which he engages in exercise and the amount of junk food he eats. If he is like most people, during the period of self-monitoring, Jim’s frequency of exercise will \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and his consumption of junk food will \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Increase; increase Increase; decrease Decrease; decrease Decrease; increase
Increase; decrease
Todd is participating in a psychological research project. Each time he receives a text on phone, he responds by rating his mood on a 0 (not depressed) to 10 (very depressed) scale. The research project is using \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Environmental Memory Assessment Psychological Mnemonic Recording Ecological Momentary Assessment Technological Responsive Journaling
Ecological Momentary Assessment
Which of the following brain imaging techniques might be used to study abnormal brain activity among individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder? MRI CT fMRI All of the above
fMRI
Which of the following does NOT use radiation? CT MRI PET All of the above use radiation
MRI
Which of the following produces the highest quality images of structures of the brain?
CT
MRI
PET
MRI
Which of the following is a weakness of studying the breakdown products of neurotransmitters found in the blood and spinal fluid (i.e., metabolite assays)?
The research subject must be injected with a radioactive saline solution
The metabolite levels may not reflect the level of neurotransmitter in the relevant area of the brain
The studies are correlational
Both B and C
Both B and C
Which of the following techniques might a psychologist use to study the slight changes in perspiration that accompany fear? Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electrodermal responding All of the above
Electrodermal responding
When a scientist chooses a paradigm to understand psychopathology, it _____.
Has little effect on clinical practice
Has little effect on the conduct of research
Specifies which problems they will investigate and how they will go about investigating them
All of the above
Specifies which problems they will investigate and how they will go about investigating them
. Contemporary views on genetic and environmental factors in behavior emphasize that _____.
Genes are important only for some behaviors
A good environment can overcome genetic limitations
Both factors influence each other
The percentage of genetic influence on a behavior cannot be measured
Both factors influence each other
The neuroscience paradigm _________.
Suggests that genes are responsible for most types of psychopathology
Suggests that dopamine is linked to most types of psychopathology
Asserts that mental disorders are linked to aberrant processes in the brain
Asserts that mental disorders are linked to environmental disturbances
Asserts that mental disorders are linked to aberrant processes in the brain
Which of the following is central to the body’s response to stress? HPA axis Serotonin Dopamine Nerve impulses
HPA axis
. Systematically rewarding desirable behavior and extinguishing undesirable behavior is the centerpiece of which behavioral theory? Operant conditioning Systematic conditioning Classical conditioning Observational conditioning
Operant conditioning
Behavioral and cognitive theorists differ in their emphasis on __________.
Events versus interpretations of events
Feelings versus thoughts
Reinforcement versus free will
Childhood experiences versus current events
Events versus interpretations of events
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the idea that a person can, without being aware of it, be influenced by prior learning. Complicit memory Implicit memory Subconscious learning Conscious remembrance
Implicit memory
- The diathesis-stress paradigm emphasizes that psychopathology results from
Predisposition and the unconscious
Predisposition and environmental disturbances
Physiology and biochemistry
Attachment and gestalt problems
Predisposition and environmental disturbances
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ systems describe the degree of an entity or symptom that is present. Categorical Difficulty Dimensional Bilateral
Dimensional
Which of the following guides a clinical interview? Time of day Location of interview Paradigm used by interviewer Age of the interviewer
Paradigm used by interviewer
A group of 8th grade boys and a group of 8th grade girls are administered the same math test. According to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ phenomenon, the girls might perform more poorly than the boys. stereotype threat. standardization. gender awareness. self-monitoring.
stereotype threat.
. Compared to traditional personality assessment, behavioral assessment
does not use self-report data because of its lack of reliability.
relies more heavily on self-report data.
focuses on situational determinants rather than personality traits.
focuses on what a person says, rather than how it is said.
focuses on situational determinants rather than personality traits
