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exam stuff > Clean Needle And Saftey > Flashcards

Clean Needle And Saftey Flashcards

1
Q

It microorganism capable of causing disease in humans is a

A

Infectious agent

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2
Q

What are the four types of infectious agents

A

Viruses bacteria fungi and parasites

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3
Q

HIV chickenpox influenza and hepatitis are examples of what

A

Viruses

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4
Q

Extremely small organisms that are made up of genetic material known as DNARNA which are used to replicate these require a host cell to reproduce what are they

A

Viruses

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5
Q

Pulmonary tuberculosis and streptococci example of what

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Living organisms that are more complex than viruses have the genetic blueprint to reproduce themselves normally not more than one single cell but can reproduce very rapidly these are what

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Ringworm is an example of what

A

Fungi

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8
Q

Single or multi celled plant like organisms that can cause why variety of infections usually appear on the skin but can infect deeper in the body these are what

A

Fungi

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9
Q

Lice is an example of what

A

Parasites

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10
Q

Organisms that live on or in a host and get their food from or at the expense of the host are what

A

Parasites

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11
Q

Hey source that allows for microbial growth and multiplication examples include people equipment and materials this is what

A

A reservoir

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12
Q

The means by which the organisms can leave the reservoir some examples include blood skin by coughs and sneezes through the body substances these are examples of what

A

Portal of exit

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13
Q

The method where by the organisms are transmitted from one place to the next

A

Motive transportation

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14
Q

In an acupuncture clinic what are the four main transmission routes that are important to understand

A

Direct contact indirect contact droplet and airborne

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15
Q

The physical transfer of the infected organisms by the direct physical Contact between an infected person and a vulnerable person this is what

A

Direct contact transmission

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16
Q

Contact through an intermediary such as contaminated equipment or work services this is what

A

Indirect contact transmission

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17
Q

This is contact you to contaminated splatter or through sneezing or talking with an infected person and a vulnerable person or in close proximity this is an example of what

A

Droplet

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18
Q

Influenza mumps colds rubella and SARS are examples of transmission of what

A

Droplets

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19
Q

Residue from evaporated droplets or infected dust particles can remain suspended in the air for extended periods of time this is what

A

Airborne

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20
Q

Tuberculosis measles and chickenpox or examples of what transmission

A

Airborne

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21
Q

The site where an organism can gain access to the host is

A

Portal of entry

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22
Q

A person who lacks the immunity or resistance to the invasion of the body and reproduction by the micro organisms resulting in infection is a

A

Susceptible host

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23
Q

Order of classic chain of infection

A

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portals of entry, susceptible host, start over

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24
Q

Objects that have become contaminated with micro organisms and serve as a vehicle of transmission for infection is called

A

A fomite

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25
Q

The spread of infectious micro organisms to an object is considered

A

Contamination

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26
Q

Indirect spread of infection from one person to another person via unclean instrument or improper sterilization process is is called

A

Cross contamination

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27
Q

How does cross-contamination occur

A

Clean equipment or instruments placed on unclean surfaces, sterile equipment or instruments placed on non-sterile surfaces, in adequate acupuncturist, contaminated instruments and tools are not disposed of promptly and appropriately, linens are not properly cleaned, surfaces and practice environment are not satisfactorily and regularly cleaned

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28
Q

Source of hazard for blood-borne pathogen’s

A

Needle stick injuries, contaminated surfaces of equipment and furnishings, cups, lancets

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29
Q

Source of hazard for respiratory infectious agents

A

Patients coughing contaminated surfaces etc.

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30
Q

Intestinal and other parasites source of hazard

A

Patients with parasitic infections contaminated bedding; skin contact

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31
Q

Source of hazard for other infectious agents

A

Needle stick injury is contaminated surfaces direct patient contact etc.

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32
Q

Control measures for blood-borne pathogen’s

A

Immunization, disposable single use sheeted needles, Proper disinfection of cups or other reusable equipment surfaces and linens, Use of sharps container, proper spill response and waste disposal, PPE

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33
Q

Control measures for respiratory infectious agents

A

Immunization, proper disinfection of surfaces and materials, adequate ventilation, gloves masks protective eyewear as required

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34
Q

Control measures for intestinal and other parasites

A

Proper disinfection of surfaces and materials, PPE as required

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35
Q

Control measures for other infectious agents

A

Proper disinfection of cups reusable equipment surfaces and linens, proper disinfection of surfaces and materials, PPE as required

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36
Q

An infection of the liver caused by blank the swelling of the liver due to the reaction of the bodies immune system to the infection it causes acute symptoms but becomes chronic condition it is sometimes asymptomatic vaccination is an effective means to prevent what is this

A

Hepatitis B

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37
Q

Viral infection of the liver and cause by blank has acute and chronic symptoms contact with blood have elevated risk

A

Hepatitis C 

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38
Q

More frequently evidenced in locations with poor sensation eating food and drinking water that is contaminated by faecal matter contains what you can prevent this by regular hand washing or use of alcohol-based hand rub

A

Hepatitis A

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39
Q

Result in progressive deterioration of the immune system and increase vulnerability to infections it is a blood-borne pathogen that spreads mainly through direct contact with certain body fluids including blood this is what

A

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV

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40
Q

If during the course of treatment practitioners become aware of a communicable reportable disease they must take the necessary steps to report required by provincial legislationTrue or false

A

True

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41
Q

Routine practises are based on what assumption

A

That all patients potentially or sources of infection

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42
Q

What do routine practises for acupuncturist include

A

Conducting risk assessment, hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling and disposal of sharps

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43
Q

The patient’s risk assessment should be performed only at the first interaction True or false

A

False it should be before each interaction

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44
Q

Steps for respiratory etiquette

A

Cover the nose/mouth when coughing or sneezing

Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions and dispose of them in the nearest waist receptacle after use

Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects/materials

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45
Q

What is the most common vesicle of transmission of disease

A

Hands

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46
Q

What is the most important infection prevention measure

A

Hand hygiene

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47
Q

Handwashing with liquid hand soap and water should be performed before procedures requiring aseptic technique especially when alcohol-based hand rub is not accessible true or false

A

True

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48
Q

When does handwashing have to be done

A

Before and after patient contact after contact with contaminated articles after removing gloves and after inadvertent exposure to blood or body fluids

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49
Q

Gloves are a substitute for handwashing true or false

A

False

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50
Q

Steps for handwashing

A
  1. Remove jewellery before hand washing procedure
  2. What your hands with warm running water
  3. Apply liquid soap and lather thoroughly
  4. Rub your hands vigourously for at least 15 seconds as you wash them
  5. Wash all surfaces on your hands including; back wrists between fingers under fingernails
  6. Rinse your hands well leave the water running
  7. Dry your hands with a single use towel
  8. Turn off the water using the same towel or with paper towel not with your bare hands
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51
Q

It is OK to turn off the top with bare hands true false

A

False

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52
Q

Do you want to wet your hands with cold running water true or false

A

False do you want warm water

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53
Q

Alcohol-based hand rub is the preferred method for decontaminating hands true or false

A

True when not visibly soiled

54
Q

It is OK to remove visible soil with hand wipes and use alcohol-based hand rub if running water is not available true or false

A

True

55
Q

How long do you rub your hands together using hand sanitizer

A

At least 15 seconds

56
Q

It is OK to use paper towels after using hand sanitizer

A

False

57
Q

When should handwashing be done

A

Before and after patient contact or acupuncture treatment
Before and after preparing handling or dispensing herbs or herbal remedies
When hands are contaminated during the treatment
Immediately after inadvertent exposure to blood or body fluid
When hands are visibly soiled
After contact with environmental services or equipment
After removing gloves
Before preparing handling serving or eating food
After handling money or other items that may be contaminated
After answering the phone or using the computer or other electronic devices and returning to a patient
After personal body functions

58
Q

What percentage of isopropyl alcohol is acceptable as a disinfectant for the skin

A

70%

59
Q

It is OK to perform alcohol swipe with overlapping the area that has been swiped True or false

A

False single swipes

60
Q

Medical gloves are a substitute for handwashing true or false

A

False

61
Q

Recommendations for glove use

A

Glove use is not required for routine patient care if contact is limited to the patient’s intact skin

Clean non-sterile medical gloves should be used in the following situations:
If exposed to blood or body fluid is anticipated, when bleeding starts during treatment, if exposure to potentially infectious materials such as pus faeces respiratory secretions or accidents of skin lesions is anticipated, when the healthcare worker has skin lesions on his or her hands or when the healthcare worker has HBV or HIV positive status

General purpose reusable utility household gloves are required for housekeeping activities instrument cleaning and decontamination procedures medical gloves are not durable enough for these activities

62
Q

It is OK to wear medical gloves to disinfect housekeeping or decontamination procedures true or false

A

False

63
Q

Exposure of latex gloves soap chlorhexidine or alcohol can cause micro punctures in the gloves resulting in wicking true or false

A

True

64
Q

When to wear clean non-sterile medical gloves

A

Exposure to blood or body fluid as anticipated, bleeding starts during treatment, if exposure to potentially infectious material, when healthcare worker has skin lesions or is positive for HBV or HIV

65
Q

Mask and provide additional protection for the practitioner or the patient against transmission by droplets or splatter true or false

A

True

66
Q

Masks are less effective against airborne infections True or false

A

True they are more effective against droplet

67
Q

When do procedural masks need to be replaced

A

If they become wet or soiled at with each new patient or if the filtration function of the mass becomes impaired with saturation from moisture when breathing

68
Q

What should be disposed in a sharps container

A

Needles plum blossom heads and lancets

69
Q

How much do sharps containers never be more full than

A

75% or 3/4 of their capacity

70
Q

It is the responsibility of the practitioner to prevent all patients who have come To her or him for healthcare through vigilant patient management and clean clinical environment true or false

A

True

71
Q

How far should patients be from each other in the waiting room to maximize separation as a precaution for infectious disease

A

2 m or more

72
Q

What should be additional precautions for infectious patients

A

Maximize separation of possibly infectious patients, post signs that patients with respiratory a gastrointestinal symptoms should clearly identify this to their practitioner or staff, post signs encouraging respiratory etiquette, offer masks to patients provide tissues waste containers and hand sanitizers

73
Q

Droplet transmission precautions

A

Triage the patient from the waiting room as quickly as possible
Use a mask and wear medical gloves while working within 2 m of the patient and offer a mask and hand sanitizer to the patient
At the end of the treatment wipe all horizontal surfaces and utilized instruments with low level disinfectant

74
Q

What level disinfectant should you use to disinfect surfaces and utilized instruments to prevent droplets transmission

A

Low-level disinfectant

75
Q

Contact transmission precautions

A

Triage the patient from the waiting room as quickly as possible
Wear a medical gloves and gown as appropriate
Offer patient hand sanitizer
At the end of the treatment wipe all horizontal surfaces and identified instruments with low level disinfectants

76
Q

 when should you see airborne transmission patients

A

Try to see these patients at the end of the day or during low-volume times

77
Q

Non-clinical services that are low risk of contamination should be cleaned first then disinfected with a low level disinfectant True or false

A

True

78
Q

What are low level disinfectants examples

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds
Chlorine bleach solution 1:500, one part chlorine and 499 parts water
3% hydrogen peroxide
Phenols 

79
Q

What kind of gloves should staff use for household disinfecting

A

Utility gloves

80
Q

Is there a difference between alcohol-based wipes and a detergent-based wipe

A

Yes

81
Q

What’s the difference between alcohol-based wipes and detergent based wipes

A

Alcohol wipes do not clean and their use is limited to routine environmental decontamination detergent wipes clean but do not disinfect detergent wipes are suitable for environmental cleaning but are not suitable for blood and body fluid

82
Q

What should clinical contact surfaces be cleaned with

A

Low level disinfectant or in some instances an intermediate level disinfectant

83
Q

Examples of intermediate level disinfectant

A

1:10 household bleach mixed daily or 70 to 90% isopropyl alcohol

84
Q

Clinical contact services should be disinfected when

A

After each patient visit

85
Q

Clinical contact surfaces should be clean with what kind of disinfectant

A

Low level disinfectant or in some cases intermediate level disinfectant

86
Q

What kind of gloves should you use when cleaning bloods spills

A

Household utility gloves

87
Q

What do you do when cleaning a blood spill

A

Warehouse hope utility gloves, blot or wipe up as much as possible using disposable towels, dispose towels in a plastic lined and covered container, clean the spill area with a detergent disinfectant dry with disposable towels, use an intermediate level hospital grade disinfectant on the area and follow the manufacturers directions

88
Q

What level disinfectant do you use for blood spills

A

Intermediate level hospital grade disinfectant or a 1:10 dilution of household bleach and leave for at least 30 minutes before drying

89
Q

How should linens be laundered

A

With hot water 70°C to 80°C and soap if there is no visible soiling bleach can be added as required by soiling

90
Q

Removal of visible soil from objects and surfaces and normally is accomplished using water with detergents or enzymatic products. Thorough cleaning is vital before high-level disinfection and sterilization because in organic and organic materials that remain on the surface of instruments contains the effectiveness of these procedures

What is this called

A

Cleaning

91
Q

 what describes a process used on inanimate objects that kills or destroy as many or all infectious micro organisms, except bacterial spores in healthcare settings

A

Disinfection

92
Q

What are objects usually disinfected with

A

Liquid chemicals

93
Q

What are a unique class of disinfectants. Unlike sterilization, disinfection does not kill spores. A few disinfectants will kill spores with prolonged exposure times 3 to 12 hours; these are called chemical ______ the same chemicals are used for shorter exposure periods Can act as high-level disinfectants

A

Sterilants

94
Q

Disinfection kills spores true or false

A

Falls

95
Q

Removes infectious organisms from object so they are safe to handle or discard what is this

A

Decontamination

96
Q

An agent that can kill pathogenic organisms or germs the term includes both anti-septic‘s and disinfectants

A

Germicide

97
Q

Germicide is both antiseptics and disinfectants true or false

A

True

98
Q

Anti-septic and germicide’s can be applied to skin tissue well disinfectants and anti-microbial substances can only be applied in adamant objects true false

A

True

99
Q

What kills fungus

A

Fungicide

100
Q

What kills spores

A

Sporicide

101
Q

Steps for cleaning instruments and equipment

A

Step one: presoak- in Coldwater with or without detergent presoak instruments
Step two: claim with warm water and detergent use a small brush use utility gloves and ensure instruments are visible to avoid cutting your hands
Step three: rinse with clean warm water for 30 seconds
Step four: disinfect or sterilize-
Disinfect: soak in the disinfectant for the appropriate contact time
Sterilize: Air dry and store in a clean covered container until ready to disinfect or sterilize, disinfect or sterilize directly

102
Q

Instruments must be properly clean rinse and dry before disinfection and sterilization cleaning true or false

A

True

103
Q

12 steps to clean instruments

A
  1. Soak items that cannot be immediately cleaned in a container of clean warm water
    2. Put on thick rubber utility gloves
  2. Take instruments apart and rinse in sink filled with lukewarm water
  3. Prepare cleaning sink by adding warm water and detergent
  4. Clean instrument services by using friction use a brush to clean any crevices or seams in instruments
  5. Inspect instruments to ensure removal of all visible organic matter
  6. Drain dirty water rinse cleaned instruments under running water
  7. Either air dry or dry with disposable towel
    9.Store cleaned instruments in a covered container until disinfected or sterilized as required
    10. Clean and disinfect the sink
  8. Remove rubber utility gloves and wash rinse and hang to dry
  9. Perform hand hygiene
104
Q

Ultrasonic cleaner sterilize or disinfect true or false

A

False

105
Q

What level of critical item enters sterile tissue including bloodstream what kind of Cleaning does this require

A

 critical item that requires cleaning followed by sterilization

106
Q

What level of critical item contacts in tact mucous membranes or non-intact skin exception being needling followed by cupping in which exposure to blood-borne pathogen‘s require sterilization of coping devices and what type of cleaning does this require

A

Semi critical item requires cleaning followed by high-level disinfection

107
Q



A
108
Q

What level of critical item is contact with intact skin but not mucous membranes or does not directly contact the patient these items are rarely contaminated what kind of cleaning do they require

A

Non-critical item cleaning plus low level disinfection

109
Q

High-level disinfection may sometimes be use for semi critical items they cannot tolerate sterilization True or false

A

True

110
Q

List factors that reduce the effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization

A

Insufficient cleaning as an initial step to remove matter, nature and level of contamination, incorrect dilution of disinfectant, water that is used to hard, in adequate exposure time to the germicide, physical nature of the object, incorrect temperature and pH of the disinfecting process, reduce effectiveness because used past expiry date, reactions to rubber or plastic

111
Q

A process it on in adamant objects to eliminate mini or all pathogenic organisms except bacterial spores

A

Disinfection

112
Q

What should all disinfectants come with in Canada

A

DIN numbers

113
Q

What is a DIN number

A

It means that the manufacturer has to stand behind the claims about which micro organisms it is effective against and describes safe use of the product

114
Q

What are chemical disinfectants used for

A

To decontaminate surfaces reservoirs of infectious material and to clean up spills of infectious material

115
Q

What should chemical disinfectant be based off of

A

Types of organisms suspected or known, items of surfaces to be decontaminated, hazard posed to the worker by the disinfectant, cost of disinfectant, corrosive sniffs of disinfectant, shelflife and required dilution of disinfectant, material which in activates the disinfectant

116
Q

What is the free chlorine concentration in household bleach

A

5.25% equivalent to 52,000 ppm

117
Q

What dilution ratio is frequently used in clinic areas

A

1 to 10

118
Q

What does a 1 to 10 ratio provide of ppm available of chlorine

A

5200 ppm

119
Q

When I go up the boat amounts of organic material or present what bleach solution should be used

A

1 to 10 dilution 2500 ppm

120
Q

What dilution of bleach should be used for heavy organic contamination

A

1 to 5 dilution 10,000 ppm

121
Q

Hypochlorite is corrosive to what

A

Metal and should not be used to disinfect metal instruments

122
Q

What level disinfectant will kill all bacteria and viruses but will not kill large numbers of bacterial spores

A

High level disinfectant

123
Q

Can chemicals be used as a sterilant with increased exposure time over 10 hours

A

Yes

124
Q

What are examples of high-level disinfectants

A

2% glutaraldehyde
6% hydrogen peroxide
OPA 0.55%
1:50 chlorine bleach solution using 5.25% chlorine bleach

125
Q

What level disinfectant will kill most bacteria most fun guy and most viruses but does not kill large numbers of bacterial spores

A

Intermediate level disinfection

126
Q

Examples of intermediate level disinfectant

A

70-90% isopropyl alcohol

1:50 chlorine bleach solution 5.25%chlorine bleach

127
Q

What level disinfectant will kill some bacteria some fungi and some viruses but it is not affective against microbacterium fungi or spores

A

Level disinfectant

128
Q

Examples of low level disinfectants

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds
3% hydrogen peroxide
1:500 chlorine bleach solution
Phenolics 

129
Q

It is OK to use a low level disinfectant on instruments true or false

A

False

130
Q

Applications of low-level disinfectants

A

Non-critical devices and daily cleaning disinfection of all surfaces

131
Q

Applications of intermediate level disinfection

A

Semi critical devices and environmental services

132
Q

Application of high-level disinfectants

A

Semi critical devices

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