CLD writing Flashcards
Grapheme
The letter or blend of letters that represent a sound eg ch th s
Phoneme
The sound of a letter or the blend of letters within a word
Fine motor skills
Physical abilities involving small body movements such as drawing and holding a pencil
5 stages of development
- pre-verbal stage (crying,cooing)
- Holophrastic stage (whole sentences as 1 word)
- two word stage ( whole sentences as 2 words)
- telegraphic stage (non grammatically correct sentences)
- post- telegraphic (adult like)
Behaviourism- Skinner
behaviour is a result of conditioning
learn through imitation and operant conditioning (positive and negative)
Nativism- Chomsky
(LAD) humans naturally programmed to learn language
virtuous errors- attempting to apply rules e.g ‘i swimmed’
criticisms of Nativists
Genie-
18 months- 13 yrs old
strapped to a child’s toilet and no interactions
did not acquire language during childhood (critical period)
eventually learnt basic level of language
Jean Piaget
cognitive development
children do not develop until particular stages of development:
1. sensorimotor (0-2) - egocentric and object permanence
2. pre- operational (2-7)- child learns to speak and imaginative focus
3. concrete operational (7-12)- stops being egocentric and understand others points of view
4. formal operational (11-16+)- no problem with logical thought and thinking becomes abstract
Jerome Bruner
rejected Chomsky
(LASS)- importance of caregiver
adults scaffold development
focuses on caregiver input
Vygotsky
More Knowledgeable other
can direct child to zone of proximal development
Tomasello
rejected chomsky
usage based model
children learn different functions of single words
the creative approach
allowed to experiment creatively using trial and error
by not focusing on accuracy children are less afriad to make mistakes
raises enjoyment and self esteem
rule based approach
when a child understand the conventions of writing progress will be more rapid
Jon Abbott
metaphor of free range chickens versus battery hens
more creative learners will thrive
two types of approaches to acquiring literacy skills
linear model
functional aproach
linear model
identifiable sequence
reading-writing-spelling-genre awareness
functional aproach
children learn writing before being able to do it by seeing written modes
writing and reading learned simultaneously
arguments for creative approach
more to intelligence than academic ability
increases self esteem which encourages writing
arguments for rule based
pressure on curriculum has narrowed creativity
Britton
writing fullfills 3 purposes:
build relationships with teachers
aid lerning by organising knowledge
categorising and exploring own experiences
Britton continued
3 kinds of writing:
expressive- about self
poetic- poems and stories
transactional- writing for purpose
rothery
early writing falls into 4 categories:
observation
recount (chronological)
report (factual)
narrative (stories)
Barry Kroll
4 stages of writing:
preparation (<6)- basic fine motor skills
consolodation (7/8)- writing similar to speech
differentiation (9/10)- writing seperate to speech
integration- ‘personal voice controlled writing
Kathy Barclay
7 stages of writing:
scribbling
mock handwriting
mock letters
conventional letters
invented spelling
approximated or phonetic spelling
conventional spelling
Gentry
5 stages of spelling:
pre communicative- scribbling
semi phonetic-link letter shapes and sounds
phonetic- phonemes can be represented by graphemes
transitional- combinations of letters and letter patterns
conventional- spell most words correctly
