CLD speaking

Question 1

Skinner

Answer 1

Behaviorism
When a child is praised for their language use this is positive reinforcement
When a language characteristic triggers a negative response this is negative reinforcement

Question 2

Chomsky

Answer 2

LAD an innate system whereby young children can make sense of the world around them
Universal grammar
Virtuous errors

Question 3

What is poverty of the stimulus

Answer 3

Language that children exposed to cannot provide sophistication of a whole language.
Children must already possess a language processing capacity

Question 4

Piaget 4 stages of development

Answer 4

0-2 (sensori-motor) developing understanding of object permanence
2-7 (pre- operational) egocentric
7-11 ( concrete operational) logical thinking expressed through language
11-16 ( formal operational) adult like thinking

Question 5

Criticisms of Piaget

Answer 5

Used a small and specific sample size- hard to generalise

Question 6

Bruner

Answer 6

Language is due to social interactions
LASS
Scaffolding

Question 7

Vygotsky

Answer 7

Development requires a MKO
MKO can move a child beyond their zone of proximal development

Question 8

Tomasello

Answer 8

Pattern finding- child is seeking to establish patterns of paired words such as ‘more’ followed by a noun
Appears at two- word stage

Question 9

Who suggested there was a critical period for a child to learn language

Answer 9

Lenneberg

Question 10

Case study of isabelle

Answer 10

Isolates with only her deaf mother
When escapes and supported she acquired thousands of vocabulary
Shows critical period for children is at least 6 years old

Question 11

Case study of genie

Answer 11

Isolates with no exposure to language
When finally released at 13 she could not move beyond teen speech of a two or three year old

Question 12

What is child direct speech

Answer 12

Caregiver I put such as motherless and baby talk

Question 13

What does child direct speech suggest

Answer 13

That meaning is clear through intonation and the way in which utterances I spoken rather than the semantics of the actual word

Question 14

Features of CDS

Answer 14

Pointing, shrugging shoulders
Exaggerated intonation
Repetition of child’s name
Proper nouns replace pronouns
Yes/ no questions
Recasts

Question 15

Bruner stages of scaffolding

Answer 15

Enactive representation (action-based)
Iconic representation (image-based)
Symbolic representation (language-based)

Question 16

evidence for chomskys innateness

Answer 16

under extension
e.g kitty for only the family cat
over extension
e.g ball for a balloon

Question 17

broca and wernickes areas

Answer 17

language areas in the brain, therefore must be biological

Question 18

piagets cognitive theory

Answer 18

child must understand a concept before it can express the language
e.g must understand size before using ‘larger’ and ‘smaller’

Question 19

criticisms of skinner

Answer 19

due to the number of sentences not every sentence a child speaks is reinforced

Question 20

who put forward IRF

Answer 20

Sinclair and Coulthard
a pattern of interaction between 2 people
initiate, response, feedback