CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC AGENTS

Question 1

toxic agents may be

Answer 1

1. chemical
2. biological
3. physical

Question 2

Examples of Heavy Metal

Answer 2

1. lead
2. mercury
3. cadmium
4. chromium
5. arsenic
6. beryllium
7. nickle

Question 3

differ from other toxic substances in that they are neither created nor destroyed by humans, but they are capable of affecting the health of humans through the air, water, soil, and food they are found in

Answer 3

heavy metals

Question 4

Their effect on health could occur through at least two mechanisms: first, by increasing the its presence in air, water, soil, and food, and second, by changing the structure of the chemical.

Answer 4

heavy metals

Question 5

The EPA defines a pesticide as any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest.

Answer 5

agricultural chemicals (pesticides)

Question 6

types of pesticides

Answer 6

1. organophosphats
2. organochlorine
3. fumigants
4. inorganic pesticides
5. natural organic pesticides

Question 7

powerful insectidal

Answer 7

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)

Question 8

inexpensive, stable, easily applied, and highly effective - ideal for crop protection and disease prevention

Answer 8

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)

Question 9

lethal to a wide variety of insects but relatively nontoxic to mammals

Answer 9

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)

Question 10

was having unexpected effects on wildlife

Answer 10

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)

Question 11

By the ________, evidence began to accumulate that indiscriminate use of DDT

Answer 11

1960s

Question 12

due to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) birds such as _________ are disappearing

Answer 12

Peregrine falcons, bald eagles, brown pelicans, and other carnivorous birds

Question 13

any chemical, of natural or synthetic origin, capable of causing an adverse effect on a living organism

Answer 13

toxicants

Question 14

a toxicant that is produced by a living organism.

Answer 14

toxins

Question 15

toxic substances produced by microorganisms that are of high molecular weight and have antigenic properties

Answer 15

microbial toxins

Question 16

broadly defined to represent the array chemicals derived from many species of cyanobacteria (blue - green bacteria), dinoflagellates, and diatoms

Answer 16

algal toxins

Question 17

generally heat stable and, therefore, not altered by cooking methods

Answer 17

algal toxins

Question 18

referred to as secondary plant compounds, are often held to have evolved as defense mechanisms against herbivorous animals, particularly insects and mammals

Answer 18

plant toxins (phytotoxins)

Question 19

Many of the common drugs of abuse such as cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, morphine, and the cannabinoids are ___

Answer 19

plant toxins

Question 20

Many chemicals that have been shown to be toxic are constituents of ________ and part of _________

Answer 20

plants ; human diet

Question 21

usually take the form of venoms that are secreted and released by an animal.

Answer 21

animal toxins

Question 22

As a _________ evaporates, the vapors may pose a threat to the exposed population

Answer 22

solvent

Question 23

cutaneous effects, such as defatting and local irritation systemic toxic effects, including effects on the nervous system

Answer 23

solvent

Question 24

release and propagation of energy in space or through a material medium in the form of waves, the transfer of heat or light by waves of energy, or the stream of particles from a nuclear reactor.

Answer 24

radiation

Question 25

can occur when radioactive materials are released into the environment as a result of an accident or an act of terrorism.

Answer 25

Radioactive contamination and radiation exposure

Question 26

80 % of human exposure to radiation comes from natural sources, such as ______ from the sun, ______ from the soil, or _____ in rocks and soil

Answer 26

cosmic radiation ; radon gas ; uranium

Question 27

Over 50 percent of that natural exposure is due to ____

Answer 27

radon gas

Question 28

The more -____ one is exposed to, either with short – term exposure or with long – term exposure, the greater the chance for serious health consequences.

Answer 28

radiation

Question 29

The chance of cancer increases with repeated exposure to _____ over time.

Answer 29

radiation

Question 30

classic example of toxins produced by puffer fishses

Answer 30

tetrodotoxin