Classification and phylogeny of animals

Question 1

What is classification?

Answer 1

Classification is how we organize the groups by origin and ancestry.

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

is the adaptions to the environment.

Question 3

What changes DNA

Answer 3

Sexual reproduction and mutation (birth abnormalities)

Question 4

What is homologous

Answer 4

origin and development (same bones) different species.

Question 5

Natural system

Answer 5

No human interaction

Question 6

Taxonomy

Answer 6

is naming of different things (systems to communicate)

Question 7

Who is Linnaeus?

Answer 7

He classified plants in the late 17oo’s

Question 8

7 main ranks (possible 30)

Answer 8

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Question 9

What is binomial classification

Answer 9

Has 2 names, first is capital second is all lowercase. eg. robin - Turdus migratorius.

Question 10

trinomial nomenclature

Answer 10

species divided into sub species based on minor differences in appearance

Question 11

SARA

Answer 11

Species at risk act.

Question 12

common descent

Answer 12

trace history back to common population. (not necessarily single pair of parents.)

Question 13

Smallest distinct groupings

Answer 13

traditionally based on morphological characteristics, now using chromosomal and molecular characteristics.

Question 14

Reproductive community

Answer 14

excludes members of other species. they reproduce together to produce offspring and offspring can also reproduce.

Question 15

Concept of geographic Range

Answer 15

cosmopolitan and endemic

Question 16

Cosmopolitan

Answer 16

found everywhere (malard duck)

Question 17

endemir

Answer 17

is not found everywhere (polar bear)

Question 18

Typological species concept

Answer 18

morphology is the appearance of that animal. they would be put in a museum and compare it to see if it is of the same or different species. They go with the Authority
Problems: just based on looks, there could be something with the environment to make them look different. and they dont look at ancestors or reproduction.

Question 19

Darwin

Answer 19

Came up with the evolution theory.

Question 20

Biological species Concept

Answer 20

species is an interbreeding (sexual) population, they have common ecological properties.
Problems: if they dont look at the ancestors they dont know what they can do. It doesnt look at the asexual reproduction, they only look at the morphology. they may appear the same but molecular is different.

Question 21

Evolutionary species concept

Answer 21

single lineage of ancestior decendant populations that maintains its identities from other such lineages and that has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate.
Problems: if there is a gap in fossil period you may not be able to locate them at that time. it applies to sexual and asexual reproducing organisms.

Question 22

Cohesion species concept

Answer 22

Tempelton (1989) looked at the genetically cohesive group. the most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotopic cohesion mechanisms genetic.
problems: dont look at interbreeding and how it changed over time.

Question 23

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 23

Def’n would have a larger number of species versus evolutionary concept. Asexua take it in the smallest group. would put it into a different species. it is an grouping of organisms distinct from other such groups and within which there is a parental pat of ancestry and descent.
problems= look at ancestry asexual.

Question 24

DNA Barcoding

Answer 24

comparing gene sequence in mitochondrial DNA. Can identify organisms to specific species.

Question 25

Mitocondrial DNA

Answer 25

come from female only.

Question 26

5 Kingdom system (Whittaker’s System)

Answer 26

The domain system level above kingdoms

• Monera-Bacteria-prokaryotes
• Protista- Unicellular- Eukaryotes
• Plantae- plants-Eukaryotes
• Fungi-mushrooms- Eukaryotes
• Anemalea- animals- Eukaryotes

Question 27

3 Domains

Answer 27

Eucarya, Bacteria, Archea (prokaryotes)

Question 28

Prokaryotes

Answer 28

Do not have a nuclear membrane

Question 29

Eukaryotes

Answer 29

Have a nuclear membrane.