Classification and phylogeny of animals Flashcards
What is classification?
Classification is how we organize the groups by origin and ancestry.
Evolution
is the adaptions to the environment.
What changes DNA
Sexual reproduction and mutation (birth abnormalities)
What is homologous
origin and development (same bones) different species.
Natural system
No human interaction
Taxonomy
is naming of different things (systems to communicate)
Who is Linnaeus?
He classified plants in the late 17oo’s
7 main ranks (possible 30)
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
What is binomial classification
Has 2 names, first is capital second is all lowercase. eg. robin - Turdus migratorius.
trinomial nomenclature
species divided into sub species based on minor differences in appearance
SARA
Species at risk act.
common descent
trace history back to common population. (not necessarily single pair of parents.)
Smallest distinct groupings
traditionally based on morphological characteristics, now using chromosomal and molecular characteristics.
Reproductive community
excludes members of other species. they reproduce together to produce offspring and offspring can also reproduce.
Concept of geographic Range
cosmopolitan and endemic
Cosmopolitan
found everywhere (malard duck)
endemir
is not found everywhere (polar bear)
Typological species concept
morphology is the appearance of that animal. they would be put in a museum and compare it to see if it is of the same or different species. They go with the Authority
Problems: just based on looks, there could be something with the environment to make them look different. and they dont look at ancestors or reproduction.
Darwin
Came up with the evolution theory.
Biological species Concept
species is an interbreeding (sexual) population, they have common ecological properties.
Problems: if they dont look at the ancestors they dont know what they can do. It doesnt look at the asexual reproduction, they only look at the morphology. they may appear the same but molecular is different.
Evolutionary species concept
single lineage of ancestior decendant populations that maintains its identities from other such lineages and that has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate.
Problems: if there is a gap in fossil period you may not be able to locate them at that time. it applies to sexual and asexual reproducing organisms.
Cohesion species concept
Tempelton (1989) looked at the genetically cohesive group. the most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotopic cohesion mechanisms genetic.
problems: dont look at interbreeding and how it changed over time.
Phylogenetic species concept
Def’n would have a larger number of species versus evolutionary concept. Asexua take it in the smallest group. would put it into a different species. it is an grouping of organisms distinct from other such groups and within which there is a parental pat of ancestry and descent.
problems= look at ancestry asexual.
DNA Barcoding
comparing gene sequence in mitochondrial DNA. Can identify organisms to specific species.
