Classification and diversity of living organisms

Question 1

Define and describe the binomial system

Answer 1

A system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species
•The name of the genus must begin with a capital letter.
•The name of the species must begin with a small letter.
•Both names must be written in Italics or if you can’t write in italics just Underline the name.

Question 2

What are other classification systems

Answer 2

cladistics which based on DNA and RNA sequencing data.

Question 3

List the main features of the following vertebrates:

bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

Answer 3

Fish
- Scale
- 2 fins, 1 tail
- Cold blooded 
- Lays eggs (external fertilisation) 
Amphibians
- Moist skin
- 4 limbs
- Cold blooded 
- Lays eggs (external fertilisation)
Reptiles:
- Dry scale
- 4 limbs
- Cold blooded
- Lays eggs (internal fertilisation)
Birds:
- Feathers
- 4 limbs
- Warm blooded 
- Lays eggs (internal fertilisation)
Mammals:
- Fur
- 4 limbs
- Warm blooded
- Give birth (internal fertilisation)
All of them have lungs except fish (they have gills)

Question 4

List the main features used in the classification of the flowering plants (monocotyledons and eudicotyledons (dicotyledons)

Answer 4

Monocots
- Embryo with 1 cotyledon (seed leaf)
- Vascular bundles scattered
- Leaves are parallel veined
- Flower parts usually in multiple of 3 
- Roots are usually fibrous stringy 
Dicots
- Embryo with 2 cotyledons
- Vascular bundles formed a ring
- Leaves are net veined
- Flower parts usually in 4 or 5
- A primary root is usually present

Question 5

List the main features used in the classification of the
following groups: arthropods
(insects, crustaceans, arachnids and myriapods),
annelids, nematodes and molluscs

Answer 5

Insects:
- Body division: head, thorax, abdomen
- 3 pairs of legs
- Pair of antenna 
- Wings 
Arachnids: 
- Body division: cephalothorax, abdomen
- 4 pairs of legs
- No antenna and wings
Crustaceans:
- Body division: cephalothorax, abdomen
- More than 4 pairs of legs
- 2 pair of antenna
- No wings
- Respire through gills
Myriapods:
- Many body segments
- One pair of legs on each body segment
- Pair of antenna
- No wings
All anthropods have hard exoskeleton, eyes, mouth and jointed limbs
Annelids:
- Some have heads and antenna
- They have legs like structures called chaetae which helps them moving
- Their body is divided into many segments
Nematodes:
- They are worms like Annelids
- Their body is not divided into segments
- No obvious head or legs
- Some are parasites that live in the digestive system
- Some live in the soil
Molluscs:  
- Not segmented
- Body in 3 continuous parts
- Have 1 or 2 shells